Evaluación de la suplementación aniónica para la prevención de la hipocalcemia puerperal en vacas en pastoreo de kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus) en el trópico alto colombiano

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dc.contributor.advisorGalvis Góez, Rubén Darío
dc.contributor.authorPérez Manrique, José Fernando
dc.contributor.orcidPérez Manrique, José Fernando [0009000476697227]
dc.contributor.orcidGalvis Góez, Rubén Darío [0000000158708739]
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-10T21:10:18Z
dc.date.available2026-02-10T21:10:18Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.descriptionIlustraciones
dc.description.abstractEvaluación de la suplementación aniónica para la prevención de la hipocalcemia puerperal en vacas en pastoreo de kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus) en el trópico alto colombiano. La presente investigación se centró en la problemática de los desbalances minerales en vacas lecheras, particularmente en relación con la hipocalcemia puerperal. Este trastorno, común en vacas de alta producción, se asocia con déficits de calcio y magnesio, exacerbados por la alimentación basada en pasto kikuyo, que presenta un alto contenido de potasio y fósforo. El objetivo principal fue evaluar el impacto de la suplementación con sales aniónicas en el balance catión-anión dietario (DCAD) y su efecto en la salud mineral de las vacas durante el periodo preparto. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la finca La Candelaria, Antioquia, con 21 vacas Holstein, a las que se les administraron dietas experimentales con diferentes niveles de sales aniónicas. Se midieron variables como el consumo de materia seca (CMS), el diferencial catión-anión dietario (DCAD), pH urinario, concentración de calcio (Ca) urinario, parathormona (PTH) y Ca sérico. Los resultados concluyeron que la suplementación con sales aniónicas (600 y 900 g/día) logró reducir significativamente el DCAD en vacas lecheras en pastoreo de kikuyo. Esta reducción indujo cambios positivos en el equilibrio ácido-base, evidenciados por una disminución en el pH urinario y un aumento en la excreción renal de Ca. A pesar de estos cambios, no se observaron diferencias significativas en los niveles de Ca sérico entre los tratamientos, lo que sugiere un adecuado control homeostático de esta variable. También se destaca que la suplementación con sales aniónicas aumentó las concentraciones de PTH, lo que indica una adaptación fisiológica a las demandas de Ca durante el inicio de la lactancia. Se observó una correlación inversa entre los niveles de PTH y el Ca sérico, lo que sugiere que la suplementación aniónica activó mecanismos homeostáticos que ayudaron a mantener los niveles de Ca en un rango adecuado, evitando así la hipocalcemia. La investigación demostró que la suplementación aniónica es efectiva para mejorar la salud mineral de las vacas preparto y prevenir la hipocalcemia puerperal. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractEvaluation of anionic supplementation for the prevention of periparturient hypocalcemia in cows grazing kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus) in the high tropics of Colombia This research focused on the issue of mineral imbalances in dairy cows, particularly in relation to puerperal hypocalcemia. This disorder, common in high-producing cows, is associated with deficits in calcium and magnesium, which are exacerbated by a diet based on kikuyu grass, which has a high potassium and phosphorus content. The main objective was to evaluate the impact of supplementation with anionic salts on the dietary cation-anion balance (DCAD) and its effect on the mineral health of cows during the prepartum period. The study was conducted on the La Candelaria farm in Antioquia, with 21 Holstein cows, which were given experimental diets with different levels of anionic salts. Variables such as dry matter intake (DMI), dietary cation-anion differential (DCAD), urinary pH, urinary calcium (Ca) concentration, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and serum Ca were measured. The results concluded that supplementation with anionic salts (600 and 900 g/day) significantly reduced DCAD in dairy cows grazing on kikuyo grass. This reduction led to positive changes in the acid-base balance, evidenced by a decrease in urinary pH and an increase in renal excretion of Ca. Despite these changes, no significant differences were observed in serum Ca levels between treatments, suggesting adequate homeostatic control of this variable. It was also highlighted that supplementation with anionic salts increased PTH concentrations, indicating a physiological adaptation to the demands of Ca at the onset of lactation. An inverse correlation was observed between PTH levels and serum Ca, suggesting that anionic supplementation activated homeostatic mechanisms that helped maintain Ca levels within an adequate range, thereby preventing hypocalcemia. The research demonstrated that anionic supplementation is effective in improving the mineral health of prepartum cows and preventing puerperal hypocalcemia.eng
dc.description.curricularareaProducción Agraria Sostenible.Sede Medellín
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias Agrarias
dc.description.researchareaLínea de Producción Animal
dc.format.extent1 recurso en línea (138 páginas)
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89476
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias
dc.publisher.placeMedellín, Colombia
dc.publisher.programMedellín - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Ciencias Agrarias
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::636 - Producción animal
dc.subject.lembGanado Holstein-Friesian
dc.subject.lembGanado lechero
dc.subject.lembNutrición animal
dc.subject.proposalSuplementación aniónicaspa
dc.subject.proposalHipocalcemia puerperalspa
dc.subject.proposalDCADspa
dc.subject.proposalKikuyospa
dc.subject.proposalHomeostasis de Caspa
dc.subject.proposalCMSspa
dc.subject.proposalPTHspa
dc.subject.proposalAnionic supplementationeng
dc.subject.proposalPuerperal hypocalcemiaeng
dc.subject.proposalDCADeng
dc.subject.proposalKikuyoeng
dc.subject.proposalCa homeostasiseng
dc.subject.proposalDMIeng
dc.subject.proposalPTHeng
dc.titleEvaluación de la suplementación aniónica para la prevención de la hipocalcemia puerperal en vacas en pastoreo de kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus) en el trópico alto colombianospa
dc.title.translatedEvaluation of anionic supplementation for the prevention of periparturient hypocalcemia in cows grazing kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus) in the high tropics of Colombiaeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico general
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

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