Efecto de enmiendas con biocarbones sobre propiedades físicas, químicas y Fitoabsorción de Cadmio en suelos disímiles sembrados con lechuga

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dc.contributor.advisorCuervo Andrade, Jairo Leonardo
dc.contributor.advisorMartínez Cordón, María José
dc.contributor.authorRivera, Julio César
dc.contributor.researchgroupSISTEMAS INTEGRADOS DE PRODUCCIÓN AGRICOLA Y FORESTALspa
dc.contributor.researchgroupLABORATORIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN COMBUSTIBLES Y ENERGÍAspa
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-12T21:04:57Z
dc.date.available2021-10-12T21:04:57Z
dc.date.issued2021-10-11
dc.descriptionilustraciones, fotografías, gráficas, mapas, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractEl biocarbón actualmente es un material de interés, rico en carbono que cuenta con propiedades potenciales para uso como enmienda de suelos y remediación de la contaminación con metales pesados. Se obtiene por pirólisis (descomposición térmica en ausencia de oxígeno) a partir de residuos de biomasas. Esta investigación utilizó biocarbones producidos con raquis de palma (BRP), cuesco de palma (BCP), poda de árboles (BP), pulpa de café (BC) y tallos de rosa (BTR), con el objetivo de caracterizarlos, evaluarlos como enmiendas sobre el crecimiento de lechuga (Lactuca sativa) y determinar su efecto en propiedades físico-químicas de suelos disímiles (Ferralsol, Umbrisol, Andosoles y Tecnosol) contaminados con cadmio. Después establecer las propiedades físicas y químicas de las biocarbones; en cinco ensayos en matera se evaluaron los tratamientos 0, 3, 6, 9 y 12 ton ha-1 de biocarbón y fertilización convencional durante dos ciclos de siembra. Se encontró que BTR, BC y BRP presentan potencial para uso agrícola, mientras que BCP y BP tienen potencial ambiental. BC y BTR muestran una alta correlación negativa en la concentración de cadmio en el tejido foliar de plantas de lechuga frente al aumento de las dosis de biocarbón aplicadas, indicando que mitiga el efecto fitotóxico del cadmio en las plantas; se encontró que el uso de biocarbón mejora la densidad aparente y real, porosidad, capacidad de retención de humedad. Finalmente, se encontró que el pH y Capacidad de Intercambio Catiónico, aumentaron con la aplicación de los biocarbones. Los biocarbones en estudio permiten la enmienda de suelos, mitigar los efectos de la contaminación con cadmio y el aprovechamiento de biomasas contaminantes. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractCurrently biochar is a material of interest, rich in carbon with potential properties that allow its use as soil amendment and remediation for heavy metals contamination. The Biochars were obtained by pyrolysis (thermal decomposition in the absence of oxygen) using biomass residues. This research used palm rachis (BRP), palm kernel (BCP), wood waste (BP), coffee pulp (BC) and rose stems (BTR) biochars in order to characterize them and evaluate them as amendments in the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and determine its effect on physicochemical properties of dissimilar soils (Ferralsols, Umbrisols, Andosols, and Technosols) contaminated with cadmium. In five pot trials, treatments 0, 3, 6, 9 & 12- ton ha-1 of biochar and conventional fertilization were evaluated during two lettuce planting cycles. BTR, BC and BRP were found to have potential for agricultural use, while BCP and BP have environmental potential. BC and BTR show a high negative correlation in cadmium concentration in the leaf tissue of lettuce plants compared to the increase in the doses of biochar applied, indicating that it mitigates the phytotoxic effect of cadmium in plants. It was found that the use of biochar improves bulk and real density, porosity, water holding capacity. Finally, pH, cationic exchange capacity, increased with the application of biochar. The biochar under study allow the amendment of soils, mitigate the effects of cadmium contamination and the use of polluting biomass.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias Agrariasspa
dc.description.methodsPara la investigación los biocarbones se produjeron por medio del proceso de pirólisis lenta, en un horno rotatorio de 7 m de largo y un diámetro de 0.6 m, con una tasa de calentamiento de 5.5 ° C s-1 hasta llegar a una temperatura de 450 °C con un tiempo de residencia de 45 min; posteriormente se caracterizaron en el Laboratorio de Investigación en Combustibles y Energía y el de Química Agrícola del Departamento de Química de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá. Se estableció un cultivo de lechugas en los invernaderos de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias ubicado en las coordenadas 4° 38´11.89" N, y a 74° 05' 17.65" O a una altura de 2656 m.s.n.m., se registró una temperatura promedio de 19.2ºC, con una máxima promedio de 24.7ºC y una mínima promedio de 14.6 ºC. Las lechugas se sembraron en materas de 20 cm de diámetro y 20 cm de alto en un sistema de riego por goteo, estableciendo cinco ensayos bajo diseños experimentales completamente al azar, uno para cada tipo de suelo muestreado en las zonas agroecológicas donde se encuentran problemas ambientales por desechos agroindustriales; se evaluaron seis tratamientos que consistieron cinco dosis de biocarbón de 0, 3, 6, 9 y 12 ton ha-1 y fertilización convencional con cuatro repeticiones y un total de 120 unidades experimentales. Posteriormente, se determinó el efecto en el crecimiento de lechuga en dos ciclos de siembra y después de nueve meses se evaluaron los efectos de las enmiendas con biocarbón en las propiedades físicas y químicas de cuatro suelos disímiles (Ferralsol, Andosol, Umbrisol y Tecnosol) contaminados artificialmente con cadmio en el Laboratorio de suelos de la Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, el resumen del proceso metodológico se puede ver en el Anexo 1. 1) En el capítulo 1 se describe la Producción y caracterización de biocarbones: La producción del biocarbón se realizó a partir de cinco biomasas de residuos agroindustriales de palma, café, rosas y residuos de podas; para la caracterización de los biocarbones se utilizaron metodologías reconocidas por la Sociedad Americana para Pruebas y Materiales ASTM: En cuanto a las propiedades físicas se valoró densidad aparente (cilindro) y real (picnómetro), distribución de tamaño de partículas, capacidad de retención de humedad y se tomaron imágenes de microscopía electrónica SEM; para las propiedades químicas se realizó: Análisis próximo y último, espectroscopía de Raman e infrarroja (FTIR), capacidad de intercambio catiónico, pH, conductividad eléctrica, contenido de bases intercambiables (absorción atómica) y contenido de Nitrógeno, Fósforo y Azufre, 2) En el capítulo 2 se evaluó el efecto en variables fisiológicas de lechuga por el uso de biocarbones en suelos disímiles contaminados con cadmio: Se realizaron cinco experimentos en materas con dos kilogramos de suelos disímiles (Ferralsol, Andosol, Umbrisol y Tecnosol) + biocarbón (5 dosis) y fertilización convencional, estos suelos proceden de los lugares donde se tomaron los desechos agroindustriales. Se midió altura, número de hojas, área de cobertura del follaje, contenido relativo de clorofila, conductancia estomática, longitud de raíz, peso fresco, peso seco y relación de peso foliar (RPF). Finalmente se valoró el contenido de cadmio en las hojas en el primer ciclo de siembra. Para el segundo ciclo de siembra se midió altura, número de hojas, peso fresco y peso seco. 3) En el capítulo 3 se evaluó el efecto en las propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo por el uso de biocarbones Después de dos ciclos de siembra (nueve meses), se tomaron muestras de los suelos sometidos a la contaminación con cadmio y tratados con biocarbón; con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de los biocarbones fabricados en la propiedades físicas y químicas de suelos disímiles (Ferralsol, Andosol, Umbrisol y Tecnosol). Se caracterizaron los siguientes parámetros: a. Propiedades Físicas: densidad aparente (método del cilindro) y real (método del picnómetro) y capacidad de retención de humedad. b. Propiedades Químicas: pH (Suspensión en agua 1:1, CIC (acetato - NH4 1M pH 7 y NaCl; volumétrico). Conductividad eléctrica (Extracto de la pasta saturada), Carbono orgánico oxidable (Walkley y Black), nitrógeno mineral y amoniacal (Kjeldahl), bases de cambio Mg, K, Ca y Na (absorción atómica) y fósforo disponible (Bray II).spa
dc.description.researchareaSuelos y aguasspa
dc.description.researchareaMateriales carbonososspa
dc.format.extent164 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80523
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.departmentEscuela de posgradosspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Agrariasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Ciencias Agrariasspa
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dc.rightsDerechos reservados al autor, 2021spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseReconocimiento 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.agrovocBiomasa sobre el suelospa
dc.subject.agrovocabove ground biomasseng
dc.subject.agrovocPropiedades del suelospa
dc.subject.agrovocsoil propertieseng
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadasspa
dc.subject.proposalBicarbónspa
dc.subject.proposalCadmiospa
dc.subject.proposalEnmienda agrícolaspa
dc.subject.proposalPropiedades del suelospa
dc.subject.proposalPirólisis lentaspa
dc.subject.proposalLactuca sativaother
dc.subject.proposalBiochareng
dc.subject.proposalCadmiumeng
dc.subject.proposalagricultural amendmenteng
dc.subject.proposalSoil propertieseng
dc.subject.proposalSlow pyrolysiseng
dc.titleEfecto de enmiendas con biocarbones sobre propiedades físicas, químicas y Fitoabsorción de Cadmio en suelos disímiles sembrados con lechugaspa
dc.title.translatedEffect of biochar amendments on physical-chemical properties and Cadmium Phytoabsorption on dissimilar soils planted with lettuceeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
oaire.awardtitleProyecto código 44365spa
oaire.fundernameConvocatoria No.44365 de Centro de Investigación y Extensión Rural (CIER)spa

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