Mitigación del estrés por déficit hídrico en maíz forrajero mediante el uso de PGPB

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dc.contributor.advisorUribe Vélez, Danielspa
dc.contributor.advisorEstrada Bonilla, Germán Andrésspa
dc.contributor.authorSerrato Gutiérrez, Mayling Gisettespa
dc.contributor.researchgroupMicrobiologia Agricolaspa
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-19T14:59:46Z
dc.date.available2024-01-19T14:59:46Z
dc.date.issued2023-07
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramasspa
dc.description.abstractLa escasez mundial de agua disponible para el riego representa una de las principales amenazas para la agricultura y la seguridad alimentaria. Se espera que la situación se agrave por períodos de sequía más recurrentes debido al cambio climático. Fortalecer la tolerancia de los cultivos a condiciones deficientes de agua y mejorar su eficiencia en el uso del recurso hídrico se convierte en uno de los mayores desafíos actuales. Las PGPB (Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria) se presentan como una alternativa viable para reducir los efectos deletéreos de la sequía. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el potencial de diez cepas de PGPB de los géneros Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp. y Lysinibacillus sp. pertenecientes a las colecciones del Instituto de Biotecnología de la Universidad Nacional (IBUN) y la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), en la mitigación del déficit hídrico en plantas de maíz. Para ello, se realizaron ensayos en invernadero (Bogotá) y casa de malla (Cesar) utilizando inóculos individuales. Las plantas se cultivaron en condiciones de riego durante 20 días y luego se sometieron a 11 días de déficit hídrico. Después del período de estrés, se determinaron cambios en la biomasa seca (aérea y radical), contenido relativo hídrico (RWC), contenido de pigmentos fotosintéticos, acumulación de osmolitos y actividad enzimática antioxidante (GR y APX). La inoculación de las cepas XT14, MT1C8, PSL63 y MGC9 demostró atenuar los efectos perjudiciales de la sequía en el crecimiento del maíz, aumentando la biomasa seca aérea entre un 22% y 51% frente al control de estrés. Otras cepas como PSL80 y XT17 mejoraron el estado hídrico de la planta, manteniendo el RWC entre un 94% y 98%. Esto se logró principalmente mediante la modulación específica de cada cepa en la acumulación de osmolitos, la actividad antioxidante y el contenido de clorofila en las hojas. Posteriormente, las cepas PSL80, PSL63, XT14 y XT17 fueron seleccionadas para estudios adicionales a nivel de laboratorio, donde se determinaron características de promoción del crecimiento y tolerancia al estrés osmótico. Se observó que las cepas eran tolerantes al estrés osmótico inducido por la presencia de Polietilenglicol (PEG) 6000 en el medio de crecimiento y poseían múltiples rasgos de promoción, como la capacidad para sintetizar compuestos de tipo indol y exopolisacáridos (EPS), solubilizar y mineralizar fósforo, y establecerse en las raíces incluso en condiciones de estrés. Estos atributos podrían guardar relación con los beneficios observados en las plantas, al aumentar la biodisponibilidad de nutrientes, mantener la humedad en la rizósfera y estimular hormonalmente el crecimiento. Se concluyó que las cepas de Pseudomonas PSL80 y PSL63, y de Bacillus XT14, poseen potencial para mitigar el estrés por déficit hídrico en las plantas de maíz. (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.abstractGlobal water scarcity for irrigation represents one of the main threats to agriculture and food security. It is expected to worsen due to more frequent drought periods resulting from climate change. Strengthening crop tolerance to water-deficient conditions and improving water use efficiency have become some of the greatest challenges today. Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) emerge as a viable alternative to reduce the deleterious effects of drought. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of ten PGPB strains from the genera Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., and Lysinibacillus sp., collected from Instituto de Biotecnología de la Universidad Nacional (IBUN) and Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), in mitigating water deficit in maize plants. Greenhouse (Bogotá) and mesh house (Cesar) assays were conducted using individual inocula. The plants were subjected to 20 days of watering and then exposed to 11 days of water deficit. After the stress period, changes in dry biomass (aboveground and root), relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic pigment content, osmolyte accumulation, and antioxidant enzyme activity (GR and APX) were determined. The inoculation of XT14, MT1C8, PSL63, and MGC9 strains demonstrated attenuation of detrimental effects of drought on maize growth, increasing stem dry biomass by 22% to 51% compared to the stressed control. Other strains like PSL80 and XT17 improved the plant's water status, maintaining RWC between 94% and 98%. This was achieved mainly through specific modulation by each strain in osmolyte accumulation, antioxidant activity, and chlorophyll content in the leaves. Subsequently, strains PSL80, PSL63, XT14, and XT17 were selected for additional laboratory-level studies, where growth promotion characteristics and tolerance to osmotic stress were determined. These strains were found to be osmotolerant induced by Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 in the growth medium and had multiple promotion traits, such as the ability to synthesize indole-type compounds and exopolysaccharides (EPS), solubilize and mineralize phosphorus, establish themselves in the roots even under stressful conditions. These attributes may be related to the observed benefits in plants by increasing nutrient availability, maintaining moisture in the rhizosphere, and hormonally stimulating growth. It was concluded that the Pseudomonas PSL80 and PSL63 strains, and the Bacillus XT14 strain, have the potential to mitigate water deficit stress in maize plants.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias - Microbiologíaspa
dc.description.researchareaMicrobiologia agricolaspa
dc.format.extentxvi, 140 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85381
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Cienciasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Microbiologíaspa
dc.relation.indexedAgrosaviaspa
dc.relation.indexedAgrovocspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.agrovocEstrés de sequiaspa
dc.subject.agrovocdrought stresseng
dc.subject.agrovocZea maysspa
dc.subject.agrovocZea mayseng
dc.subject.agrovocBiotecnologíaspa
dc.subject.agrovocbiotechnologyeng
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::575 - Partes específicas de y sistemas fisiológicos en plantasspa
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::631 - Técnicas específicas, aparatos, equipos, materialesspa
dc.subject.proposalSequíaspa
dc.subject.proposalPolietilenglicolspa
dc.subject.proposalAjuste osmóticospa
dc.subject.proposalZea maysother
dc.subject.proposalAntioxidantesspa
dc.subject.proposalCaribe secospa
dc.subject.proposalDroughteng
dc.subject.proposalPolyethylene glycoleng
dc.subject.proposalAntioxidantseng
dc.subject.proposalOsmotic adjustmenteng
dc.subject.proposalDry caribbeaneng
dc.titleMitigación del estrés por déficit hídrico en maíz forrajero mediante el uso de PGPBspa
dc.title.translatedMitigating water deficit stress in forage maize through the use of PGPBeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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