Efectividad y seguridad de los antibióticos Betalactámicos con nuevos inhibidores de Betalactamasas para el tratamiento de las infecciones intraabdominales complicadas: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

dc.contributor.advisorGaitán Duarte, Hernando Guillermo
dc.contributor.authorHeredia Melo, Damaris Constanza
dc.contributor.orcidHeredia Melo,Heredia Melo [0000000199414761]
dc.contributor.researchgroupEvaluacion de Tecnologias y Politicas en Salud
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-30T15:11:32Z
dc.date.available2025-10-30T15:11:32Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractIntroducción: el manejo adecuado de las infecciones intraabdominales complicadas (IIAC) implica abordaje quirúrgico y cubrimiento antibiótico, principalmente con antibióticos betalactámicos. Durante los últimos años se ha aumentado la resistencia bacteriana incluso a los carbapenémicos, que son los antibióticos con mayor espectro, actividad y resistencia a las betalactamasas producidas por las enterobacterias, por lo que se han desarrollado betalactámicos con inhibidores de las betalactamasas de última generación que podrían asociarse con mejores desenlaces en cuanto eficacia y seguridad. Por lo anterior, se realizó́ una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de los Betalactámicos con nuevos inhibidores de Betalactamasas respecto a las mejores terapias disponibles utilizados para el tratamiento de las infecciones intraabdominales complicadas en población adulta Metodología: se realizó la búsqueda electrónica en bases de datos (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and LILACS), y en registros de ensayos clínicos. Se buscaron estudios publicados desde su inicio hasta junio de 2025. Se incluyeron todos los Ensayos Clínicos Aleatorizados (ECA) de adultos con IIAC diagnósticada clínicamente (con o sin aislamiento del germen por cultivo) en los que los pacientes del grupo de tratamiento recibieron cualquiera de las nuevas combinaciones de betalactámicos con inhibidores de betalactamasas (ceftazidima-avibactam, ceftolozano-tazobactam, meropenem-vaborbactam e imipenem-cilastatina-relebactam). en comparación con cualquier otro régimen antibiótico. Recolección y análisis de datos: dos autores examinaron la evidencia según los criterios de selección, extrajeron los datos de forma independiente y evaluaron el riesgo de sesgo. Análisis y presentación de resutados: se utilizó un modelo de metanálisis de efectos fijos para combinar datos. Los resultados primarios fueron falla clínica, eventos adversos serios y mortalidad; los resultados secundarios fueron cualquier evento adverso y descontinuación por eventos adversos. Se evaluaron estos resultados en población por intención a tratar modificada microbiológicamente (mMITT), en población por intención a tratar (ITT) y en población clínicamente evaluable (CE) al tiempo de prueba de cura (TOC por sus siglas en ingles). Se evaluó la eficacia clínica por subgrupo de patógenos aislados microbiológicamente. Resultados: diez estudios fueron incluidos (3482 participantes). El estudio con mayor tamaño de muestra fue de 1066 personas y el de menor tamaño de 4 participantes (que hace parte de un ECA que involucraba otros desenlaces clínicos). En poblaciones mMITT y ITT la terapia con betalactámicos con nuevos inhibidores de betalactamasas probablemente se asocia con una mayor tasa de falla clínica respecto al comparador (población mMITT = RR 1.26, IC 95% 1.04 a 1.51; participantes = 2521; estudios = 10; I2=0%; moderada calidad de la evidencia. Población ITT = RR 1.22, IC 95% 1.01 a 1.47; participantes = 2507; estudios = 4; I2=0%; moderada calidad de la evidencia). En Población CE el efecto en términos de falla clínica podría tener poca o ninguna diferencia (RR 1.06, IC 95% 0.79 a 1.42; participantes = 2464; estudios = 6; I2=0%; baja calidad de la evidencia). Para todos los desenlaces de seguridad se encontró que el efecto de los betalactámicos con nuevos inhibidores de betalactamasas comparados con la mejor terapia disponible podría tener poca o ninguna diferencia (Mortalidad = RR 1.42, IC 95% 0.82 a 2.46; participantes = 3313; estudios = 8; I2=0%; baja calidad de la evidencia. Cualquier evento adverso = RR 1.05, IC 95% 0.97 a 1.13; participantes = 3319; estudios = 8; I2=0%; moderada calidad de la evidencia. Eventos adversos serios = RR 0.95, IC 95% 0.74 a 1.22; participantes = 3319; estudios = 8; I2=0%; baja calidad de la evidencia. Descontinuación por eventos adversos = RR 1.34, IC 95% 0.77 a 2.34; participantes = 3116; estudios = 7; I2=0%; baja calidad de la evidencia). Conclusiones: los hallazgos de esta revisión sistemática y metaanálisis tienen implicaciones relevantes para la práctica clínica y la investigación futura. Se recomienda que los nuevos antibióticos betalactámicos combinados con inhibidores de betalactamasas se consideren alternativas terapéuticas reservadas para pacientes con infecciones complejas o multirresistentes, y que su uso empírico se limite a contextos con alta prevalencia de resistencia, siempre sustentado en criterios clínicos y microbiológicos sólidos. Asimismo, se requiere el desarrollo de estudios que incluyan poblaciones con mayor complejidad clínica —como pacientes con disfunción orgánica, edad avanzada, infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud o resistencia bacteriana— y el diseño de ensayos independientes, con tamaños de muestra adecuados y metodologías rigurosas, especialmente para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de imipenem-relebactam y meropenem-vaborbactam, cuya evidencia actual es limitada (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Adequate management of complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI) requires both surgical intervention and appropriate antibiotic coverage, primarily with β-lactam antibiotics. In recent years, bacterial resistance—including to carbapenems, which have the broadest spectrum and are resistant to enterobacterial β-lactamases—has increased, leading to the development of next-generation β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations that may improve clinical and safety outcomes. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of β-lactam antibiotics with new β-lactamase inhibitors compared to the best available therapies in adults with cIAI. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS, as well as clinical trial registries, including studies published until June 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with clinically diagnosed cIAI (with or without microbiological confirmation) were included if the treatment group received any of the new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, or imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam) compared with any other antibiotic regimen. Two authors independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. A fixed-effect meta-analysis model was used. Primary outcomes were clinical failure, serious adverse events, and mortality; secondary outcomes included any adverse event and treatment discontinuation due to adverse events. Outcomes were assessed in modified microbiologically intent-to-treat (mMITT), intent-to-treat (ITT), and clinically evaluable (CE) populations at the time of test-of-cure (TOC). Subgroup analyses were conducted by microbiologically isolated pathogens. Results: Ten studies including 3,482 participants were analyzed. Sample sizes ranged from 4 to 1,066 participants. In the mMITT and ITT populations, treatment with β-lactam antibiotics with new β-lactamase inhibitors was probably associated with a higher risk of clinical failure compared to comparators (mMITT: RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.04–1.51; participants = 2,521; studies = 10; I² = 0%; moderate-quality evidence. ITT: RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01–1.47; participants = 2,507; studies = 4; I² = 0%; moderate-quality evidence). In the CE population, the effect on clinical failure was likely minimal or absent (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.79–1.42; participants = 2,464; studies = 6; I² = 0%; low-quality evidence). For safety outcomes, β-lactam antibiotics with new β-lactamase inhibitors probably had little or no difference compared to the best available therapy (mortality: RR 1.42, 95% CI 0.82–2.46; participants = 3,313; studies = 8; I² = 0%; low-quality evidence. Any adverse event: RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.97–1.13; participants = 3,319; studies = 8; I² = 0%; moderate-quality evidence. Serious adverse events: RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.74–1.22; participants = 3,319; studies = 8; I² = 0%; low-quality evidence. Treatment discontinuation due to adverse events: RR 1.34, 95% CI 0.77–2.34; participants = 3,116; studies = 7; I² = 0%; low-quality evidence). Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis have important implications for clinical practice and future research. New β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations should be considered therapeutic alternatives reserved for patients with complex or multidrug-resistant infections, and empirical use should be limited to settings with high prevalence of resistance, guided by solid clinical and microbiological criteria. Further studies are needed that include patients with higher clinical complexity—such as those with organ dysfunction, advanced age, healthcare-associated infections, or resistant pathogens—and independent trials with adequate sample sizes and rigorous methodology, particularly to evaluate the efficacy and safety of imipenem-relebactam and meropenem-vaborbactam, for which current evidence is limited.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagister en Epidemiología Clinica
dc.format.extentxxii, 138 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89081
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicina
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Maestría en Epidemiología Clínica
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::617 - Cirugía, medicina regional, odontología, oftalmología, otología, audiologíaspa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::616 - Enfermedadesspa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéuticaspa
dc.subject.decsResultado del Tratamientospa
dc.subject.decsTreatment Outcomeeng
dc.subject.decsCombinación Cilastatina e Imipenemeng
dc.subject.decsCilastatin, Imipenem Drug Combinationeng
dc.subject.decsInfecciones Bacterianasspa
dc.subject.decsBacterial Infectionseng
dc.subject.decsEfectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentosspa
dc.subject.decsDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactionsspa
dc.subject.proposalInfecciones Intraabdominalesspa
dc.subject.proposalResistencia a Medicamentosspa
dc.subject.proposalBetalactámicosspa
dc.subject.proposalIntraabdominal infectionseng
dc.subject.proposalDrug Resistanceeng
dc.subject.proposalBeta-Lactamseng
dc.titleEfectividad y seguridad de los antibióticos Betalactámicos con nuevos inhibidores de Betalactamasas para el tratamiento de las infecciones intraabdominales complicadas: revisión sistemática y metaanálisisspa
dc.title.translatedEffectiveness and safety of β-Lactam antibiotics with new β-Lactamase inhibitors for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections: systematic review and meta-analysiseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestros
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentReceptores de fondos federales y solicitantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentAdministradores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentBibliotecarios
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

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