Rendimiento y estado nutricional del café (Coffea arabica L.) en respuesta a aplicación de biocarbón

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dc.contributor.advisorRestrepo Díaz, Hermann
dc.contributor.advisorLombardini, Leonardo
dc.contributor.authorSánchez Reinoso, Alefsi David
dc.date.accessioned2022-07-26T12:54:08Z
dc.date.available2022-07-26T12:54:08Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.descriptionilustraciones, graficasspa
dc.description.abstractEl café de Colombia es reconocido mundialmente por su sabor y aroma suave. Su cultivo genera una gran cantidad de residuos como la pulpa fresca, que conlleva a problemas medioambientales, sanitarios y económicos. La obtención de biocarbón (BC) por pirólisis de la pulpa de café y su incorporación al suelo puede ser un complemento a la nutrición mineral del cultivo. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de biocarbón obtenido de pulpa de café sobre la fisiología y el comportamiento agronómico del cultivo de café variedad Castillo el Tambo (Coffea arabica L.). La investigación fue desarrollada en dos etapas: i) vegetativa, usando plantas de tres meses de edad, realizada en condiciones de invernadero; y ii) producción, usando un cultivo comercial de café de tres años de edad, realizada en Chaparral Tolima. Cuatro dosis de BC (0, 4, 8 y 16 t ha-1) y cuatro niveles de fertilización química (FQ) (0%, 33%, 66% y 100% de los requerimientos nutricionales) fueron evaluadas. Tres grupos de variables fueron registrados durante el experimento: i) parámetros fisiológicos de plántulas y árboles de café; ii) características físicas y químicas del suelo en un cultivo comercial de café; y iii) parámetros de calidad de granos tostados y bebidas de café. Los resultados indicaron que: a) en invernadero, un efecto positivo se encontró en plantas con 8 t ha-1 BC y niveles de fertilización del 66 y 100%. b) Un efecto positivo fue observado en árboles de café tratados con 8 t ha-1 BC y 100%. c) 16 t ha-1 BC favoreció el pH, densidad aparente, estado de agregación y respiración microbiana del suelo en comparación con 0 t ha-1 BC. d) Aplicaciones de 8 y 16 t ha-1 BC y 66%-100% fertilización química registraron mayor sensibilidad a los compuestos aromáticos de granos tostados de café en la nariz electrónica. Enmiendas de BC entre 8 y 16 t ha-1 y FQ entre el 66% y 100% incrementó el contenido de SST, redujo el pH e incrementó la acidez titulable en bebidas de granos tostados de café. En conclusión, 8 t ha-1 BC de pulpa de café puede ser una alternativa para complementar la nutrición de plántulas y árboles de café. Aplicaciones entre 8 y 16 t ha-1 BC pueden apoyar las estrategias de manejo de suelos cafeteros y ayuda al aprovechamiento de residuos sólidos. El BC como un complemento a la fertilización química mostró un efecto positivo sobre el perfil aromático obtenido para los granos tostados de café y atributos de calidad en taza. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractColombian coffee is recognized worldwide for its mild flavor and aroma. Its cultivation generates a large amount of waste such as fresh pulp, which leads to environmental, health and economic problems. Obtaining biochar (BC) by pyrolysis of coffee pulp and its incorporation to the soil can be a complement to the crop mineral nutrition. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the application of biochar obtained from coffee pulp on the physiology and agronomic performance of the Castillo el Tambo variety coffee crop (Coffea arabica L.). The research was developed in two stages: i) vegetative, using three-month-old plants, carried out under greenhouse conditions; and ii) production, using a three-year-old commercial coffee crop, carried out in Chaparral Tolima. Four doses of BC (0, 4, 8 and 16 t ha-1) and four levels of chemical fertilization (CF) (0%, 33%, 66% and 100% of the nutritional requirements) were evaluated. Three groups of variables were recorded during the experiment: i) physiological parameters of coffee seedlings and trees; ii) physical and chemical characteristics of the soil in a commercial coffee crop; and iii) quality parameters of roasted beans and coffee beverages. The results indicated that: a) in the greenhouse, a positive effect was found in plants with 8 t ha-1 BC and fertilization levels of 66 and 100%. b) A positive effect was observed in coffee trees treated with 8 t ha-1 BC and 100%. c) 16 t ha-1 BC favored the pH, apparent density, state of aggregation and microbial respiration of the soil compared to 0 t ha-1 BC. d) Applications of 8 and 16 t ha-1 BC and 66%-100% chemical fertilization registered greater sensitivity to the aromatic compounds of roasted coffee beans in the electronic nose. Amendments of BC between 8 and 16 t ha-1 and CF between 66% and 100% increased the content of TSS, reduced the pH and increased the titratable acidity in beverages of roasted coffee beans. In conclusion, 8 t ha-1 BC of coffee pulp can be an alternative to supplement the nutrition of coffee seedlings and trees. Applications between 8 and 16 t ha-1 BC support coffee soil management strategies and help the use of solid waste. BC as a complement to chemical fertilization showed a positive effect on the aromatic profile obtained for roasted coffee beans and cup quality attributeseng
dc.description.degreelevelDoctoradospa
dc.description.degreenameDoctor en Ciencias Agrariasspa
dc.description.researchareaFisiología vegetalspa
dc.description.sponsorshipGobernación del Tolima, el Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS, convocatoria 755 del 2016, para la formación de capital humano de alto nivel para Tolima, Colombia)spa
dc.format.extentxxiii, 193 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81750
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.departmentEscuela de posgradosspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Agrariasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias Agrarias - Doctorado en Ciencias Agrariasspa
dc.relation.indexedRedColspa
dc.relation.indexedLaReferenciaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.agrovocuriCafé arábicaspa
dc.subject.agrovocuriarabica coffeeeng
dc.subject.agrovocuriPirólisisspa
dc.subject.agrovocuripyrolysiseng
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::633 - Cultivos de campo y de plantaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalEnmienda del suelospa
dc.subject.proposalNutrición mineralspa
dc.subject.proposalRendimiento del cultivospa
dc.subject.proposalCalidad en tazaspa
dc.subject.proposalSoil amendmenteng
dc.subject.proposalMineral nutritioneng
dc.subject.proposalCrop yieldeng
dc.subject.proposalCup qualityeng
dc.titleRendimiento y estado nutricional del café (Coffea arabica L.) en respuesta a aplicación de biocarbónspa
dc.title.translatedYield and nutritional status of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in response to biochar applicationeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctoradospa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06spa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TDspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentGrupos comunitariosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestrosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPersonal de apoyo escolarspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentResponsables políticosspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
oaire.fundernameGobernación del Tolimaspa

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