Distribución de tiempo de interacción como igualación de distancia social. Aplicación en el juego de la confianza
dc.contributor.advisor | Clavijo Alvarez, Álvaro Arturo | |
dc.contributor.author | Gil Mateus, Edwin Oswaldo | |
dc.contributor.orcid | Gil-Mateus, Edwin Oswaldo [0000000277120137] | spa |
dc.contributor.researchgate | Gil-Mateus, Edwin O. [] | spa |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-08-23T14:11:14Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-08-23T14:11:14Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2023-08 | |
dc.description | ilustraciones, diagramas | spa |
dc.description.abstract | La distancia social (DS) es una medida psicofísica sobre la cercanía o lejanía con la que una persona percibe a otras. En el análisis de la conducta esta medida ha sido usada en el descuento social, en forma de ordenación de preferencia con la posición de cada persona en un grupo definido previamente. Una vez establecida la ordenación, el participante elige en función de la distancia social entregar un monto de dinero. Si la distancia es mayor, el dinero entregado disminuye y viceversa, así que la distancia social pronostica la conducta altruista. La medición de distancia social ha indicado una preferencia ordinal, pero no muestra la magnitud o cardinalidad de la preferencia, así como advertir la relevancia de la interacción en la medida. De igual manera, la distancia social es asemejada a una dimensión física de longitud (espacio) como estructuración de las relaciones sociales. En contraste, considerando la interacción en la ordenación de preferencia, el tiempo como otra dimensión física que podría indicar una medida de distancia social. Con lo anterior, la ordenación de preferencia medida por el tiempo puede relacionarse, a su vez, con conductas prosociales en las que sean asignados recursos a otros con un costo propio para quien los asigna. Esta investigación propone que la disposición a distribuir tiempo para interactuar (TI) iguala a la ordenación de distancia social. También se plantea que la distribución de tiempo puede servir como predictor de la asignación de recursos a otros. Las hipótesis son evaluadas en cuatro estudios. En el primero, los participantes imaginaron grupos con personas conocidas, distribuyeron tiempos de interacción (duración, espera y repetición), para después ordenar el grupo de acuerdo con la escala discreta de distancia social. En el segundo, otros participantes conformaron grupos en los que interactuaron realmente en dos momentos realizando tareas académicas, desarrollando al final de cada momento la tarea de distribución de tiempos de duración de interacción y la ordenación de preferencia. Se plantearon los dos momentos para revisar el efecto de la interacción real sobre la disposición a distribuir tiempo para volver a interactuar, además de observar si la ordenación de distancia social se mantuvo o cambió. En el tercero, igual que en el primer estudio, los participantes imaginaron grupos de personas que conocían para desarrollar con la distribución de tiempo en la duración a volver a interactuar y la ordenación de preferencia, para después hacer una tarea de entrega de dinero con la estructura del juego de la confianza. En el cuarto, los participantes conformaron grupos llevando a cabo interacciones reales con labores académicas durante cuatro momentos, para al final de cada momento llevar a cabo las tareas de asignación, ordenación y entrega de dinero. Los 4 momentos fueron considerados para examinar el cambio de ajuste de las variables dada la interacción. En general, la evidencia encontrada muestra una relación inversa entre la distribución de tiempo de interacción y la ordenación de distancia social. Además, la distribución de tiempo de interacción, como igualación de distancia social, predice la conducta de entrega de dinero a otros, según lo registrado con el esquema de juego de confianza utilizado. Los resultados del estudio 1 indicaron que las medidas de distribución de tiempo como duración de una interacción y disposición a seguir interactuando, si aumentan la distancia social es menor, mientras que con la espera para volver a interactuar la relación fue directa. El estudio 2, además de coincidir las estimaciones con el anterior, mostró que las 3 medidas de asignación de tiempo mejoraron del momento 1 al 2, en especial para el individuo considerado como más cercano. En el estudio 3, la duración de la interacción explicó en 85% la variación de la DS, mientras que la duración de la interacción está correlacionada directamente con la entrega de dinero en el juego, con un R2=0,71. Finalmente, el estudio 4 con los datos obtenidos en los cuatro momentos, fue corroborado lo hallado en el anterior, con R2=0,98. En el momento 3 de este estudio, cuando los grupos se reconfiguraron con participantes sin interacción, el TI explicó la DS en 73%. (Texto tomado de la fuente) | spa |
dc.description.abstract | Social distance (SD) is a psychophysical measure of the closeness or distance with which a person perceives others. In behavior analysis, this measure is used in the social discount, in the form of preference ordering with the position of each person in a previously defined group. Once the ordering is established, the participant chooses based on the social distance to deliver an amount of money, so if the distance is greater, the money delivered decreases and vice versa, so the social distance predicts altruistic behavior. The measurement of social distance has indicated an ordinal preference, but does not show the magnitude or cardinality of the preference, as well as noticing the relevance of the interaction in the measurement. In the same way, social distance is similar to a physical dimension of length (space) as a structuring of social relations. In contrast, considering the interaction in preference ordering, time as another physical dimension that could indicate a measure of social distance. With the above, the ordering of preference measured by time can be related, in turn, to prosocial behaviors in which resources are assigned to others at their own cost to the assigner. This research proposes that the willingness to allocate time to interact (TI) equals the ordering of social distance. It is also suggested that the distribution of time can serve as a predictor of the allocation of resources to others. The hypotheses are tested in four studies. In the first, the participants imagined groups with familiar people, distributed interaction times (duration, wait, and repetition), and then ordered the group according to the discrete scale of social distance. In the second, other participants formed groups in which they actually interacted in two moments carrying out academic tasks, developing at the end of each moment the task of distribution of interaction duration times and the ordering of preference. The two moments were considered to review the effect of actual interaction on the willingness to allocate time to interact again, in addition to observing whether the order of social distance was maintained or changed. In the third, as in the first study, the participants imagined groups of people they knew to develop with the distribution of time in the duration to re-interact and the ordering of preference, to later do a task of giving money with the structure of the trust game. In the fourth, the participants formed groups carrying out real interactions with academic tasks during four moments, to at the end of each moment carry out the tasks of assigning, ordering and delivering money. The 4 moments were considered to examine the adjustment change of the variables given the interaction. In general, the evidence found shows an inverse relationship between the distribution of interaction time and the ordering of social distance. In addition, the distribution of interaction time, such as social distance matching, predicts the behavior of giving money to others, as recorded with the trust game scheme used. The results of study 1 indicated that the measures of time distribution such as duration of an interaction and willingness to continue interacting, if they increase the social distance is less, while with the wait to interact again the relationship was direct. Study 2, in addition to matching the estimates with the previous one, showed that the 3 measures of time allocation improved from moment 1 to moment 2, especially for the individual considered closest. In study 3, the duration of the interaction explained 85% of the variation in SD, while the duration of the interaction is directly correlated with the delivery of money in the game, with R2=0.71. Finally, study 4 with the data obtained at the four moments, corroborated what was found in the previous one, with R2=0.98. At time 3 of this study, when the groups were reconfigured with participants without interaction, the IT explained the SD in 73%. | eng |
dc.description.degreelevel | Doctorado | spa |
dc.description.degreename | Doctor en Psicología | spa |
dc.description.researcharea | Psicología Básica y Experimental Elecciones sociales | spa |
dc.format.extent | 121 páginas | spa |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | spa |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84588 | |
dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá | spa |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias Humanas | spa |
dc.publisher.place | Bogotá, Colombia | spa |
dc.publisher.program | Bogotá - Ciencias Humanas - Doctorado en Psicología | spa |
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dc.relation.references | Toledo, Aldo Cristian; Ávila, Raúl (2017) Descuento social en pares de personas en diferentes posiciones sociales con respecto al individuo eligiendo. Conductual, Vol 5, No. 2, pp. 61-74. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/43Fbptr (consultado el 19 agosto de 2020). | spa |
dc.relation.references | Toledo A. C.; Avila, R. (2021) Nondiscounted Costs and Socially Discounted Benefits as Predictors of Cooperation in Prisoner’s Dilemma Games. The Psychological Record https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-020-00448-5 | spa |
dc.relation.references | Tracy, K., (2012) “Language and Social Interaction”. In Donsbach, Wolfgang, The International Encyclopedia of Communication, First Edition. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405186407.wbiecl006.pub2 | spa |
dc.relation.references | Wark, C; Galliher J. F. (2007) Emory Bogardus and the Origins of the Social Distance Scale. In The American Sociologist. 38 (4): 383–395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12108-007-9023-9 | spa |
dc.relation.references | Williams, Joyce E. (2015) “Social Distance”. In Ritzer, George (2015) The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeoss145.pub2 | spa |
dc.relation.references | Yu, Rongjun; Hu, Pan, Hu, Zhang Ping (2015) “Social distance and anonymity modulate fairness consideration: An ERP study”. In Nature: Scientific Reports, 5, 13452. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13452 | spa |
dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | spa |
dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional | spa |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | spa |
dc.subject.ddc | 150 - Psicología | spa |
dc.subject.decs | Conducta social | |
dc.subject.decs | Social Behavior | |
dc.subject.decs | Distanciamiento físico | |
dc.subject.decs | Physical Distancing | |
dc.subject.lemb | Altruismo | |
dc.subject.lemb | Altruism | |
dc.subject.proposal | Distancia social | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Igualación | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Tiempo de interacción | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Distribución | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Social distance | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Matching | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Interaction time | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Allocation | eng |
dc.title | Distribución de tiempo de interacción como igualación de distancia social. Aplicación en el juego de la confianza | spa |
dc.title.translated | Allocation of interaction time as matching of social distance. Application in trust game | eng |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Doctorado | spa |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06 | spa |
dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | spa |
dc.type.content | Text | spa |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis | spa |
dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD | spa |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | spa |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Estudiantes | spa |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Investigadores | spa |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Público general | spa |
oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | spa |
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