Clasificación de una serie de meduloblastomas en grupos genéticamente definidos por medio de un panel de inmunohistoquímica en pacientes de un hospital pediátrico

dc.contributor.advisorOlaya Morales, Nataliaspa
dc.contributor.authorBárcenas Salazar, Linda Paolaspa
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-25T12:24:30Zspa
dc.date.available2021-01-25T12:24:30Zspa
dc.date.issued2021-01-20spa
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent embryonal tumor of the central nervous system in the pediatric population. It is a highly aggressive malignant neoplasm with mortality rates. Genetically it is heterogeneous, with genomic alterations that affect proteins of the signaling pathways of normal brain development, which have allowed them to be classified by the World Health Organization (2016) into four genetically defined subgroups: WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group. Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, the morphological variant and the expression of proteins involved in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma in samples obtained from patients with a diagnosis of medulloblastoma at the Hospital Fundación de la Misericordia during the period between 2009 and 2017. Methodology: A total of 49 cases with a diagnosis of medulloblastoma were studied, which underwent six immunohistochemical markers of proteins related to the signaling pathways of the genetically defined groups (Betacatenin, YAP1, PIGU, OTX2, NGFR5 and p53) and its molecular classification and clinical characterization were carried out. Results: 49 patients with histopathological diagnosis of medulloblastoma were included. 5 subgroups were identified: WNT group with 1 patient, SHH group with Mutated p53 with 10 patients, SHH group with wild-type p53 with 22 patients, group 3/4 with 15 patients and one patient in Indefinite group. The average age was 6.9 ± 3.6 years, 57.1% were female. The most frequent location was the cerebellar vermis (34.7%), followed by the IV ventricle (24.5%). In all the genetically defined subgroups, the most frequent variant was the classic one. When analyzing the immunohistochemical studies, it was found that in the WNT the patient had nuclear and cytoplasmic reactivity greater than 5% of the tumor cells for Betacatenin, and nuclear reactivity of YAP1. In the SHH group with mutated p53, 70% presented reactivity for PIGU, 100% presented nuclear reactivity greater than 50% for p53, 80% nuclear reactivity and cytoplasm for YAP1 and 60% cytoplasmic reactivity for p75NTR. In the SHH group with wild-type p53, 54.5% for PIGU, 77.3% showed no reactivity for p53, 59.1% showed nuclear and cytoplasmic reactivity for YAP1. In group 3/4, 60% had cytoplasmic reactivity for Betacatenin and all presented nuclear reactivity greater than 10% of tumor cells for OTX2. Conclusion: Our study will allow us to characterize clinically and morphologically medulloblastomas in the pediatric population of a national referral hospital. The immunohistochemistry panel that we used included classifying medulloblastomas in a practical and cost effective manner. However, to ensure a reliable classification it is necessary to perform the complete immunohistochemical panel.spa
dc.description.abstractIntroducción: El meduloblastoma (MB) es el tumor embrionario del sistema nervioso central más frecuente en la población pediátrica. Es una neoplasia maligna de alta agresividad y tasas de mortalidad. Genéticamente es heterogéneo, con alteraciones genómicas que afectan proteínas características de las vías de señalización del desarrollo cerebral normal, que han permitido clasificarlas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (2016) en cuatro subgrupos genéticamente definidos: WNT, SHH, Grupo 3 y Grupo 4. Objetivo: Evaluar las características clínicas, la variante morfológica y la expresión de proteínas implicadas en la patogénesis del meduloblastoma en muestras obtenidas de pacientes con diagnóstico de meduloblastoma del Hospital Fundación de la Misericordia durante el periodo comprendido entre 2009 y 2017. Metodología: Se estudiaron en total 49 casos con diagnóstico de meduloblastoma, a los que se les realizó seis marcadores de inmunohistoquímica de proteínas relacionadas con las vías de señalización de los grupos genéticamente definidos (Betacatenina, YAP1, PIGU, OTX2, NGFR5 y p53) y se realizó su clasificación molecular y caracterización clínica.Resultados: Se incluyeron 49 pacientes con diagnóstico histopatológico de meduloblastoma. Se identificaron 5 subgrupos: Grupo WNT con 1 paciente, grupo SHH con p53 Mutado con 10 pacientes, grupo SHH con p53 de tipo silvestre con 22 pacientes, grupo 3/4 con 15 pacientes y un paciente en grupo Indefinido. El promedio de la edad fue de 6.9  3.6 años, 57.1% fueron de sexo femenino. La localización más frecuente fue el vermis cerebeloso (34,7%), seguido del IV ventrículo (24,5%). En todos los subgrupos genéticamente definidos la variante más frecuente fue la clásica. Al analizar los estudios de inmunohistoquímica se encontró que en el grupo WNT el paciente tuvo reactividad nuclear y citoplasmática mayor al 5% de las células tumorales para Betacatenina, y reactividad nuclear de YAP1. En el grupo SHH con p53 mutado, el 70% presentó reactividad para PIGU, el 100% presentó reactividad nuclear mayor al 50% de p53, el 80% reactividad nuclear y citoplasma de YAP1 y 60% reactividad citoplasmática para p75NTR. En el grupo SHH con p53 de tipo silvestre, el 54,5% para PIGU, el 77,3% no mostró reactividad para p53, el 59,1% presentó reactividad nuclear y citoplasmática para YAP1. En el grupo 3/4, el 60% tenía reactividad citoplasmática para Betacatenina y todos presentaron reactividad nuclear mayor al 10% de las células tumorales para OTX2. Conclusión: Nuestro estudio nos permitió caracterizar clínica y morfológicamente los meduloblastomas en la población pediátrica de un hospital de referencia nacional. El panel de inmunohistoquímica que utilizamos nos permitió clasificar los meduloblastomas de una manera práctica y costo efectiva. Sin embargo, para garantizar una clasificación confiable es necesario realizar el panel de inmunohistoquímica completo.spa
dc.description.degreelevelEspecialidades Médicasspa
dc.format.extent79spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.citationBárcenas, L. (2021). Caracterización clínica y patológica de una serie de meduloblastomas en pacientes de un hospital pedriátrico en Bogotá [Tesis de especialidad, Universidad Nacional de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional.spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/78888
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Especialidad en Patología Anatómica y Clínicaspa
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dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
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dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.spaAcceso abiertospa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y saludspa
dc.subject.proposalImmunohistochemistryeng
dc.subject.proposalMeduloblastomaspa
dc.subject.proposalMedulloblastomaeng
dc.subject.proposalInmunohistoquímicaspa
dc.titleClasificación de una serie de meduloblastomas en grupos genéticamente definidos por medio de un panel de inmunohistoquímica en pacientes de un hospital pediátricospa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Especialidad Médicaspa
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dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
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dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
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