Efectos benéficos de la guatila (Sechium Edule) en la salud: compuestos fenólicos y fibra dietaría en la prevención de posibles patologías en el organismo humano
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Buesaquillo Sanabria, Alejandra
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Trabajo de grado - Maestría
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EspañolFecha de publicación
2019
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La guatila (Sechium edule) ha sido de interés en la investigación sobre sus beneficios cuando se utiliza en la prevención de posibles patologías como la hipertensión, la arteriosclerosis y el cáncer. Además, la guatila es reconocida por regular los niveles de glucosa y triglicéridos en sangre. La búsqueda en la base de datos demostró que los beneficios atribuidos a la guatila se deben a la presencia de compuestos fenólicos (CF) y fibra dietaria (FD). Esta revisión de la literatura tuvo como objetivo recopilar información sobre los efectos benéficos de la guatila en la salud, en modelos con líneas celulares humanas y animales, y su relación con CF y FD que contribuyen a la prevención de posibles enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas en el organismo humano. Teniendo esto en cuenta, hay ensayos clínicos in vitro e in vivo donde evaluaron la relación entre CF y FD con los efectos de la guatila en animales y líneas celulares humanas. Por un lado, los estudios sobre CF se hicieron con extractos de guatila y se encontraron ácidos hidroxibenzoicos e hidroxicinámicos, flavonoides y estilbenos. Además, se demostró que el extracto de guatila mejoró patologías como la diabetes, la hipertensión, el cáncer, los niveles de glucosa y los triglicéridos. Por otro lado, los estudios sobre FD incluidos en guatila también tuvieron efectos positivos en la salud. Esta fruta tiene componentes de FD como pectina (ácido galacturónico, arabinosa, galactosa, ramnosa) y hemicelulosa (xilosa, manosa, ácido glucorónico, galactosa y glucosa). La FD de guatila reguló el peso corporal, mejoró la digestión de los animales y tuvo efectos en las células al regular los lípidos. Tras la revisión de literatura se concluyó que los CF y la FD presentes en la guatila son responsables de los posibles efectos en la salud, interviniendo en diferentes actividades metabólicas que contribuyen a la prevención de enfermedades. Si bien el título de esta revisión hace referencia a los efectos generados en el organismo humano, con los resultados obtenidos en los ensayos clínicos con células humanas y animales se abre paso a futuras investigaciones para complementar los datos obtenidos con ensayos en humanos.
Abstract. Guatila (Sechium edule) has been of interest regarding its benefits when used in the preventionof diseases such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis,and cancer. Guatila is also recognized for regulating glucose andtriglyceride levels in blood. Search in database revealed that the benefits attributed to guatila are due to the presence of phenolic compounds (PC) and dietary fiber (DF). The aim of this literature review was collecting information about the beneficial effects of guatila on health and its relationship with PC and DF that contributes to the prevention of chronicles and degenerative diseases in the human body. Bearing this in mind, there are clinical trials in vitroand in vivowhere the relationship between PC and DF to guatila effects in animals and human cell lines. On the one hand, studies on PC using guatila extracts found hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids and stilbenes. Additionally, it was demonstrated that guatila extract improved pathologies such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, glucose levels, and triglycerides. On theother hand, DF from guatila also had positive effects on health. This fruit has components of DFsuch as pectin (galacturonic acid, arabinose, galactose, rhamnose) and hemicellulose (xylose, mannose, glucoronic acid, galactose and glucose). The DF of guatila regulated body weight, improved digestion of animals, and had effects on cells by regulating lipids. After this review we, concluded that the PC and DF present in the guatila are responsible for potential effects on health, intervening indifferent metabolic activities, and contributing in the diseases prevention. Although the title of this review refers to the effects generated in the human organism, with the results obtained in trials with human cells and animals, it opens the way for future research to complement the data obtained with human trials.
Abstract. Guatila (Sechium edule) has been of interest regarding its benefits when used in the preventionof diseases such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis,and cancer. Guatila is also recognized for regulating glucose andtriglyceride levels in blood. Search in database revealed that the benefits attributed to guatila are due to the presence of phenolic compounds (PC) and dietary fiber (DF). The aim of this literature review was collecting information about the beneficial effects of guatila on health and its relationship with PC and DF that contributes to the prevention of chronicles and degenerative diseases in the human body. Bearing this in mind, there are clinical trials in vitroand in vivowhere the relationship between PC and DF to guatila effects in animals and human cell lines. On the one hand, studies on PC using guatila extracts found hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids and stilbenes. Additionally, it was demonstrated that guatila extract improved pathologies such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, glucose levels, and triglycerides. On theother hand, DF from guatila also had positive effects on health. This fruit has components of DFsuch as pectin (galacturonic acid, arabinose, galactose, rhamnose) and hemicellulose (xylose, mannose, glucoronic acid, galactose and glucose). The DF of guatila regulated body weight, improved digestion of animals, and had effects on cells by regulating lipids. After this review we, concluded that the PC and DF present in the guatila are responsible for potential effects on health, intervening indifferent metabolic activities, and contributing in the diseases prevention. Although the title of this review refers to the effects generated in the human organism, with the results obtained in trials with human cells and animals, it opens the way for future research to complement the data obtained with human trials.