Modulación de la respuesta emocional y la memoria espacial en la adultez por exposición temprana a nicotina

dc.contributor.advisorLamprea Rodriguez, Marisolspa
dc.contributor.advisorOrtega Murillo, Leonardo Arturospa
dc.contributor.authorSolano López, José Luisspa
dc.contributor.researchgroupNeurofisiología Comportamentalspa
dc.date.accessioned2020-02-26T13:19:58Zspa
dc.date.available2020-02-26T13:19:58Zspa
dc.date.issued2019-12-12spa
dc.description.abstractThe relationship between stress and nicotine has focused on how stressful events can be a risk factor for the establishment of an addiction. However, little has been explored about the inverse relationship, that is, the way in which exposure to a substance of abuse can modify an organism's response to emotionally demanding situations. The aim of this study was to establish the effects of acute stress on the recovery of spatial memory in adult animals chronically exposed to nicotine during adolescence. For this, 44 male Wistar rats received 21 injections of nicotine (0.14 mg/kg s.c.) or vehicle (saline solution 0.9% s.c.) during their adolescence and 30 days later they were trained in the Barnes Maze. Before a recovery test performed 24 hours after training, 1-h movement restraint was applied. Once memory test was finished blood plasma samples were taken to quantify corticosterone levels. Animals treated with nicotine during the chronic challenge traveled longer than the group of animals treated with vehicles. It was observed that adolescence nicotine treatment did not affect acquisition of Barnes maze task, but facilitated its recovery. Nicotine improved animals’ accuracy in the recovery of spatial memory. On the other hand, stress decreased time to begin exploring in the maze, and had no effect with statistical significance on animals’ performance in the recovery of the task. However, stress effects on retrieval are discussed. Analysis of corticosterone in blood plasma revealed that nicotine slightly decreased release of corticosterone to acute stress; suggesting that early exposure to nicotine may modify the mechanisms through which animals respond to emotionally situations associated with recovery of a spatial memory task. Additionally, from a comparison made with previously experiments carried out in Laboratorio de Neurosciencias, it was found that (1) stress increased the organism's alert during recovery, facilitating the recovery of spatial information, (2) prolonged manipulation decreased emotional activation face of environmental demand, modifying formation and expression of declarative memory, resulting in a deleterious effect on memory recovery. It is proposed that prolonged handling of the animals underlying the treatment decreased alert generated by the Barnes maze and that this modification altered nicotine and stress effect on memory retrieval. Finally, an extension of arousal model applied to spatial memory recovery is proposed.spa
dc.description.abstractEl estudio de la relación entre estrés y nicotina se ha enfocado en la forma que los eventos estresantes pueden constituir un factor de riesgo para el establecimiento de una adicción. Sin embargo, poco se ha explorado sobre la relación inversa, es decir, la forma en la cual la exposición a una sustancia de abuso puede modificar la respuesta de un organismo ante situaciones emocionalmente demandantes. El presente estudio tuvo como objeto establecer los efectos del estrés agudo en el recobro de la memoria espacial en animales adultos expuestos crónicamente a la nicotina durante la adolescencia. Para esto, 44 ratas Wistar macho recibieron 21 inyecciones de nicotina (0.14 mg/kg s.c.) o vehículo (solución salina 0,9% s.c.) durante la adolescencia y 30 días después fueron entrenadas en el Laberinto Circular de Barnes. Antes de la prueba de recobro realizada 24 horas después del entrenamiento, los animales fueron sometidos a estrés agudo por restricción motora. Finalizada la prueba de memoria se tomarón muestras de plasma sanguíneo para la cuantificación de corticosterona. Los animales tratados con nicotina durante el desafío crónico recorrieron mayor distancia que el grupo de animales tratados con vehículo. Se observó que el tratamiento realizado durante la adolescencia con nicotina no afectó la adquisición de la tarea, pero facilitó su recobro. La nicotina mejoró la precisión de los animales en el recobro de la memoria espacial. Por otro lado, el estrés disminuyó el tiempo para comenzar a explorar en el laberinto, y no tuvo efecto con significancia estadística sobre el desempeño de los animales en el recobro de la tarea; no obstante, los efectos del estrés sobre la recuperación de la información son discutidos. El análisis de corticosterona en plasma sanguíneo reveló que la nicotina disminuyo levemente la liberación de corticosterona ante el estrés agudo, lo que sugiere que la exposición temprana a la nicotina puede modificar los mecanismos a través de los cuales los animales responden ante situaciones emocionalmente demandantes asociadas al recobro de una tarea de memoria espacial. Adicionalmente, a partir de una comparación realizada con experimentos realizados previamente en el laboratorio de neurociencias se encontró que (1) el estrés aumentó el alertamiento del organismo durante el recobro facilitando la recuperación de la información espacial, (2) la manipulación prolongada disminuyó la activación emocional ante la demanda ambiental alterando la formación y expresión de la memoria declarativa, resultando en un efecto deletéreo sobre la recuperación de la memoria. Teniendo en cuenta se propone que la manipulación prolongada de los animales subyacente al tratamiento disminuyó el alertamiento generado por el Laberinto Circular de Barnes y que está modificación alteró el efecto de la nicotina y el estrés sobre el recobro de la tarea. Finalmente, se propone una extensión del modelo de alertamiento al recobro de memoria.spa
dc.description.additionalMagíster en Psicología. Línea de Investigación: Efectos del estrés sobre el aprendizaje en modelos experimentalesspa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.projectEfecto de la exposición a estrés agudo por restricción motora en el desempeño de tareas de memoria espacial en animales adultos expuestos a nicotina crónica durante la adolescenciaspa
dc.description.sponsorshipDirección de Investigación y Extensión - Sede Bogotá y Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenzspa
dc.format.extent191spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/75747
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.departmentDepartamento de Psicologíaspa
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dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.spaAcceso abiertospa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddcPsicología::Psicología comparadaspa
dc.subject.ddcPsicología::Percepción sensorial, movimiento, emociones, impulsos fisiológicosspa
dc.subject.proposalNicotineeng
dc.subject.proposalNicotinaspa
dc.subject.proposalEstrés Agudospa
dc.subject.proposalAcute Stresseng
dc.subject.proposalMemoria Espacialspa
dc.subject.proposalSpatial Memoryeng
dc.subject.proposalAlertamientospa
dc.subject.proposalArousaleng
dc.subject.proposalManipulación Prolongadaspa
dc.subject.proposalExtended Handlingeng
dc.titleModulación de la respuesta emocional y la memoria espacial en la adultez por exposición temprana a nicotinaspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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