La microbiota intestinal y la disbiosis, relaciones metabólicas a nivel patológico y en la salud.

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dc.contributor.advisorCalderón Ozuna, Martha Nancy
dc.contributor.authorPinto Niño, Monica Andrea
dc.contributor.researchgroupBioquímica y Biología Molecular de las Micobacteriasspa
dc.date.accessioned2023-04-25T16:17:49Z
dc.date.available2023-04-25T16:17:49Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.descriptionilustracionesspa
dc.description.abstractLa alta diversidad bacteriana en el tracto gastrointestinal se caracteriza por la presencia de diferentes filos, que establecen interacciones relacionadas con una serie de sucesos a nivel celular que actúan fisiológicamente con el hospedero. La microbiota intestinal digiere oligosacáridos provenientes de la fibra dietaría que influye y genera diversos metabolitos, como son ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC), vitamina K, vitamina B, triptófano, serotonina, entre otros. Aunque los mecanismos moleculares entre la microbiota intestinal y el hospedero aún continúan en estudio, se han establecido vías de interacción en un estado de eubiosis y en diferentes patologías. Se propuso en este trabajo de grado revisar los reportes científicos de caracterización de la microbiota en eubiosis y relacionar algunas vías del hospedero con el estado de disbiosis en diferentes patologías, además de consultar posibles tratamientos aplicados para la recuperación del equilibrio bacteriano. Para el desarrollo de esta revisión se emplearon diferentes plataformas de búsqueda, entre ellas, Scopus, Science Direct, Scielo, Base Search y PubMed, empleando palabras clave como “gut microbiota human”, “pathologies human gut microbiota”, “healthy human gut microbiota”. El estado de disbiosis se caracteriza por abundancias relativas desproporcionadas de géneros como Sutterella, Clostridium, Eggerthella, Escherichia, Shigella y Desulfovibrios. Se reporta disminución en las abundancias relativas de especies promotoras de salud como Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, los géneros Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus y Roseburia. La pérdida de biodiversidad se asocia con el desarrollo de diferentes patologías como obesidad, diabetes, alteraciones del comportamiento, procesos inflamatorios y neurodegenerativos. La aplicación de prebióticos, probióticos, simbióticos y el trasplante de materia fecal (TMF), apuntan a la recuperación de la eubiosis intestinal como coadyuvantes en el tratamiento en diferentes patologías. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractThe high bacterial diversity in the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by the presence of different phyla, which generated interactions related to a series of events at the cellular level that act physiologically with the host. The intestinal microbiota digests oligosaccharides from dietary fiber that influences and generates various metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), vitamin K, vitamin B, tryptophan, serotonin, among others. Although the molecular mechanisms between the intestinal microbiota and the host are still under study, interaction pathways have been established in a state of eubiosis and in different pathologies. It is perhaps in this degree work to review the scientific reports on the characterization of the microbiota in eubiosis and to relate some host pathways with the state of dysbiosis in different pathologies, in addition to consulting possible treatments applied for the recovery of the bacterial balance. For the development of this review, different search platforms were used, such as Scopus, Science Direct, Scielo, Base Search and PubMed, using keywords such as "gut microbiota human", "pathologies human gut microbiota", "healthy human gut microbiota". The state of dysbiosis is characterized by disproportionate relative abundances of genera such as Sutterella, Clostridium, Eggerthella, Escherichia, Shigella and Desulfovibrios. A decrease in the relative abundance of health-promoting species such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, the genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Roseburia has been reported. The loss of biodiversity is associated with the development of different pathologies such as obesity, diabetes, behavioral disorders, inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. The application of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and fecal matter transplantation (FMT), point to the recovery of intestinal eubiosis as adjuvants in the treatment of different pathologies.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagister en Ciencias Químicaspa
dc.description.researchareaEnterobacterias, marcadores patogénicos y predictivosspa
dc.format.extent69 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83775
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Cienciasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá,Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Químicaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc540 - Química y ciencias afines::547 - Química orgánicaspa
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::572 - Bioquímicaspa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::612 - Fisiología humanaspa
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::579 - Historia natural microorganismos, hongos, algasspa
dc.subject.ddc540 - Química y ciencias afines::546 - Química inorgánicaspa
dc.subject.decsAntibacterianosspa
dc.subject.decsAnti-Bacterial Agentseng
dc.subject.proposalMicrobiota intestinalspa
dc.subject.proposalEubiosisspa
dc.subject.proposalDisbiosisspa
dc.subject.proposalObesidadspa
dc.subject.proposalDiabetesspa
dc.subject.proposalEnfermedades inflamatorias intestinalesspa
dc.subject.proposalEnfermedades neurodegenerativasspa
dc.subject.proposalGut microbiotaeng
dc.subject.proposalDysbiosiseng
dc.subject.proposalLeaky guteng
dc.subject.proposalObesityeng
dc.subject.proposalDiabeteseng
dc.subject.proposalInflammatory bowel diseaseseng
dc.subject.proposalNeurodegenerative diseaseseng
dc.titleLa microbiota intestinal y la disbiosis, relaciones metabólicas a nivel patológico y en la salud.spa
dc.title.translatedThe gut microbiota and dysbiosis, metabolic relationships at the pathological level and in healtheng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
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dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
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