Evaluación de pruebas diagnósticas en infección por SARS CoV-2 / COVID 19 en adultos

dc.contributor.advisorÁlvarez Moreno, Carlos Arturospa
dc.contributor.authorSolórzano Ramos, Carlos Augustospa
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Investigacion en enfermedades Infecciosasspa
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-27T20:51:04Zspa
dc.date.available2021-01-27T20:51:04Zspa
dc.date.issued2020-12-20spa
dc.description.abstractLa humanidad en diferentes momentos de la historia ha sido afectada por brotes epidémicos, algunas de ellas con tal impacto como el de una pandemia. Recientemente en 2002 por coronavirus SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome por sus siglas en inglés), en 2009 Influenza H1N1 (gripe porcina), en 2012 MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome por sus siglas en inglés), entre otras. En diciembre de 2019 en la ciudad de Wuhan China, aparece un nuevo virus del grupo de los coronavirus, denominado SARS – CoV-2 (severe respiratory acute syndrome 2, por sus siglas en inglés) con una expansión mundial rápida y con tasas de transmisibilidad y letalidad elevadas. Los datos de letalidad van desde 0.1 % hasta 13.8 % relacionados con la edad, con una tasa de mortalidad global de 0.66 %. Estimaciones que evalúan la proporción de personas infectadas con probabilidad de ser hospitalizadas incrementaron con la edad, mostrando que personas mayores de 80 años tenían una probabilidad del 18.4 %. Al mismo tiempo que progresaba la pandemia se fueron desarrollando diferentes pruebas con diferentes técnicas para el diagnóstico de esta infección. Algunas de ellas son las pruebas moleculares, pruebas de antígeno, pruebas de detección de anticuerpos que hacen parte de las herramientas en el laboratorio para la identificación de la infección por SARS CoV-2 Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura, por vía electrónica a través de la base de datos Medline, embase, proquest, y búsqueda en literatura gris, entre enero y noviembre de 2020, de todas las publicaciones disponibles que hubiesen evaluado el rendimiento de las pruebas disponibles para hacer el diagnostico de COVID 19 en adultos sintomáticos, se describieron las características demográficas disponibles , a las cuales se aplicó las herramientas de riesgo de sesgo por medio de quadas -2 y The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools según la metodología del estudio Resultados: Se evaluaron 174 artículos, finalmente se analizaron 34 estudios. La mayoría de estos artículos fueron publicados entre julio y noviembre, los Estados Unidos de América representa el 35 % (12) de los artículos publicados. El 35.2% (12) estudios evaluaron pruebas moleculares y 64.7% (22) estudios pruebas serológicas, corresponde a 7292 pacientes. La evaluación de sesgo por Quadas 2 se aplicó a 29 estudios que mostró un riesgo bajo para item de selección de pacientes en 44.8 %, riesgo alto 41.3 % para item de prueba índice, 48 % no fue claro para el item de estándar de referencia y riesgo bajo 93.1 % para el item de flujo de pacientes. Tres estudios con la herramienta The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tolos aprobaron para bajo riesgo de sesgo. En 59% (13/22) de los estudios que evaluaron pruebas serológicas usando ambos anticuerpos (IgM/IgG), el 31.8 % (7) fueron pruebas de inmunocromatográficas. En las pruebas serológicas la sensibilidad más alta fue 99 % después del día 15. La especificidad en general de las pruebas moleculares fue superior a 90 %. El rango de sensibilidad para las muestras respiratorias va desde 28.6% hasta 99 %, la más alta está relacionada con muestras de esputo y saliva. Conclusión: En esta revisión varios estudios no caracterizaron adecuadamente su población, aumentando así la heterogeneidad, limitando así definir si son extrapolables los datos en nuestro medio. Casi la mitad de los estudios tuvo riesgo de sesgo en los diferentes ítems evaluados, indicando que no fue claramente descrito los elementos metodológicos. Sin embargo, la RT-PCR desde el comienzo de la pandemia se ubica como prueba de referencia, aunque no cumpla con el rendimiento de un Gold estándar y las pruebas serológicas son de apoyo en enfermedad tardía (más de 11 días de inicio de síntomas).spa
dc.description.abstractHumanity at different times in history has been affected by epidemic outbreaks, some of them with such an impact as that of a pandemic. Recently in 2002 by coronavirus SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), in 2009 Influenza H1N1 (swine flu), in 2012 MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome), among others. In December 2019 in the city of Wuhan China, a new virus from the group of coronaviruses, called SARS - CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome 2, for its acronym in English) appears with a rapid worldwide expansion and with rates of transmissibility high lethality. The fatality data ranges from 0.1% to 13.8% related to age, with an overall mortality rate of 0.66%. Estimates that evaluate the proportion of infected people with a probability of being hospitalized increased with age, showing that people over 80 years of age had a probability of 18.4%. At the same time that the pandemic progressed, different tests were developed with different techniques for the diagnosis of this infection. Some of them are molecular tests, antigen tests, antibody detection tests that are part of the tools in the laboratory for the identification of SARS CoV-2 infection. Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out electronically through the Medline database, embase, proquest, and gray literature search, between January and November 2020, of all available publications that had evaluated the performance of the tests available to make the diagnosis of COVID 19 in symptomatic adults, the available demographic characteristics are described, to which the risk of bias tools were applied using quadas -2 and The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools according to the methodology of the study. Results: 174 articles were evaluated, finally 34 studies were analyzed. Most of these articles were published between July and November, the United States of America represents 35% (12) of the articles published. 35.2% (12) studies evaluated molecular tests and 64.7% (22) studies serological tests, corresponding to 7292 patients. The assessment of bias by Quadas 2 was applied to 29 studies that showed a low risk for patient selection item in 44.8%, high risk 41.3% for index test item, 48% was not clear for the reference standard item and 93.1% low risk for the patient flow item. Three studies using The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool all passed for low risk of bias. In 59% (13/22) of the studies that evaluated serological tests using both antibodies (IgM / IgG), 31.8% (7) were immunochromatographic tests. In serological tests the highest sensitivity was 99% after day 15. The overall specificity of molecular tests was greater than 90%. The sensitivity range for respiratory samples goes from 28.6% to 99%, the highest being related to sputum and saliva samples. Conclusion: In this review, several studies did not adequately characterize their population, thus increasing heterogeneity, thus limiting whether the data can be extrapolated in our setting. Almost half of the studies had a risk of bias in the different items evaluated, indicating that the methodological elements were not clearly described. However, RT-PCR since the beginning of the pandemic is the reference test, although it does not meet the performance of a Gold standard and serological tests are supportive in late disease (more than 11 days of symptom onset).spa
dc.description.additionalLínea de Investigación: En enfermedades infecciosasspa
dc.description.degreelevelEspecialidades Médicasspa
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.format.extent65spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.citationSolórzano- Ramos C, Álvarez-Moreno C. Evaluación de pruebas diagnósticas en infección por SARS CoV-2 / COVID 19 en adultos. Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá; 2020spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/78952
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Especialidad en Infectologíaspa
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dc.relation.referencesMercado-Reyes M, Delgado G, Zabaleta G, Estrada-Orozco K, Robayo A, Arévalo A. AMS International Validación secundaria y verificación del desempeño de la prueba rápida “2019-nCoV IgG/IgM WB Device.” Instituto Nacional de Salud, Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud, Secretaría de Salud de Bogotá. 2020. p. 7. Avalaible from: https://www.ins.gov.co/Direcciones/Investigacion/Informacionsobrepruebas/Pruebas%20r%C3%A1pidas/6.%20Informe%20de%20validaci%C3%B3n%20PR%20AMS%202019-nCoV%20IgG-IgMWB%20Device.pdfspa
dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.spaAcceso abiertospa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::616 - Enfermedadesspa
dc.subject.proposalSARS CoV-2eng
dc.subject.proposalSARS CoV-2spa
dc.subject.proposalCOVID-19spa
dc.subject.proposalCOVID-19eng
dc.subject.proposalDiagnosticospa
dc.subject.proposalDiagnoseseng
dc.subject.proposalSintomaticosspa
dc.subject.proposalSyntomaticeng
dc.subject.proposalRT-PCRspa
dc.subject.proposalRT-PCReng
dc.subject.proposalSerologyeng
dc.subject.proposalSerologiaspa
dc.subject.proposalRevisión sistemáticaspa
dc.subject.proposalSystematic revieweng
dc.titleEvaluación de pruebas diagnósticas en infección por SARS CoV-2 / COVID 19 en adultosspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Especialidad Médicaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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