Distancia recorrida de la prueba de caminata de seis minutos en población adulta sana en una comunidad universitaria de la ciudad de Bogotá
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Walteros Manrique, Raùl Eduardo
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Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
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EspañolFecha de publicación
2018-07-23
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Introducción: La caminata de 6 minutos es una prueba de ejercicio submáxima aplicada en programas de rehabilitación cardiopulmonar, que consiste en medir la distancia máxima que un individuo puede recorrer durante un periodo de seis minutos. Se trata de una herramienta fundamental en la evaluación, diagnóstico, pronóstico y respuesta al tratamiento de diversas patologías cardiacas y pulmonares, debido a su fácil implementación, reproducibilidad y bajo costo. Objetivo: Establecer la distancia recorrida de la prueba de marcha de 6 minutos para población adulta sana de la comunidad universitaria de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia de la ciudad de Bogotá. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, observacional no experimental, basado en la evaluación clínica mediante la prueba de marcha de 6 minutos en adultos sanos de una comunidad universitaria de la ciudad de Bogotá. Se evaluaron 104 participantes adultos sanos entre 18 y 80 años de edad. Se realizó la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos en dos oportunidades separadas 30 minutos. Se obtuvieron datos de frecuencia cardiaca, presión arterial, saturación de oxígeno, peso, talla, índice de masa corporal y esfuerzo percibido evaluado por la escala de Borg modificada. Resultados: La distancia recorrida general fue de 658,9 m; en el caso de los hombres y 592.75 m; en el caso de las mujeres. Se evidencia una tendencia descendente de la distancia recorrida en edades más avanzadas, y un aumento de metros recorridos en la población masculina. Respecto a las variables vitales, se observan cambios en la frecuencia cardiaca, en la escala subjetiva de disnea de Borg y en la presión arterial sistólica. Se registró, además, una mayor distancia recorrida en la segunda prueba. Y se genera una ecuación de estimación generalizada de distancia de recorrida con las variables edad, peso y talla. Distancia: 90,15 – 1,48 edad (años) + 0,57 peso (kg) + 3,3 Talla (cm) . Conclusiones: La distancia recorrida fue mayor en hombres, respecto a la población de mujeres; las variables vitales presentaron cambios en la frecuencia cardiaca; la saturación de oxígeno no presentó cambios en ninguno de los sexos; las medidas antropométricas, dadas por el IMC y la edad, expusieron diferencias respecto a la distancia recorrida. Palabras clave: Prueba de caminata de seis minutos, distancia recorrida, rehabilitación.
Abstract: Introduction: The 6-minute walk is a submaximal exercise test applied in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programs, which consists in measuring the maximum distance that an individual can travel during a period of six minutes. It is a fundamental tool in the evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis and response to the treatment of various cardiac and pulmonary pathologies, due to its easy implementation, reproducibility and low cost. Objective: To establish the distance traveled from the 6-minute walk test for a healthy adult population of the university community of the National University of Colombia in the city of Bogotá. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, non-experimental observational, cross-sectional study based on clinical assessment using the 6-minute walk test in healthy adults from a university community in the city of Bogotá. We evaluated 104 healthy adult participants between 18 and 80 years of age. The 6-minute walk test was performed on two separate occasions 30 minutes. Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, weight, height, body mass index, and perceived exertion assessed by the modified Borg scale were obtained. Results: The general distance traveled was 658.9 m; in the case of men and 592.75 m; in the case of women. There is evidence of a downward trend in the distance traveled at older ages, and an increase in the number of meters traveled in the male population. Regarding the vital variables, changes were observed in the heart rate, in the Borg dyspnea subjective scale and in the systolic blood pressure. In addition, a greater distance traveled in the second test was recorded. And a generalized estimation equation of distance traveled is generated with the variables age, weight and height. Distance: 90.15 - 1.48 age (years) + 0.57 weight (kg) + 3.3 Size (cm). Conclusions: The distance traveled was greater in men, with respect to the population of women; the vital variables presented changes in the heart rate; the saturation of oxygen did not present changes in any of the sexes; the anthropometric measures, given by the BMI and the age, exposed differences regarding the distance traveled. Keywords: Six-minute walk test, distance traveled, rehabilitation.
Abstract: Introduction: The 6-minute walk is a submaximal exercise test applied in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programs, which consists in measuring the maximum distance that an individual can travel during a period of six minutes. It is a fundamental tool in the evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis and response to the treatment of various cardiac and pulmonary pathologies, due to its easy implementation, reproducibility and low cost. Objective: To establish the distance traveled from the 6-minute walk test for a healthy adult population of the university community of the National University of Colombia in the city of Bogotá. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, non-experimental observational, cross-sectional study based on clinical assessment using the 6-minute walk test in healthy adults from a university community in the city of Bogotá. We evaluated 104 healthy adult participants between 18 and 80 years of age. The 6-minute walk test was performed on two separate occasions 30 minutes. Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, weight, height, body mass index, and perceived exertion assessed by the modified Borg scale were obtained. Results: The general distance traveled was 658.9 m; in the case of men and 592.75 m; in the case of women. There is evidence of a downward trend in the distance traveled at older ages, and an increase in the number of meters traveled in the male population. Regarding the vital variables, changes were observed in the heart rate, in the Borg dyspnea subjective scale and in the systolic blood pressure. In addition, a greater distance traveled in the second test was recorded. And a generalized estimation equation of distance traveled is generated with the variables age, weight and height. Distance: 90.15 - 1.48 age (years) + 0.57 weight (kg) + 3.3 Size (cm). Conclusions: The distance traveled was greater in men, with respect to the population of women; the vital variables presented changes in the heart rate; the saturation of oxygen did not present changes in any of the sexes; the anthropometric measures, given by the BMI and the age, exposed differences regarding the distance traveled. Keywords: Six-minute walk test, distance traveled, rehabilitation.