Evaluación de la eficacia anticoccidial de una mezcla de fitogénicos (Allium sativum, Curcuma longa, Origanum vulgare, Cinnamomum verum) y su influencia en parámetros sanitarios y zootécnicos en pollo de engorde
| dc.contributor.advisor | Lozano Álvarez, Maria Constanza | spa |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Benavides Montaño, Javier Antonio | spa |
| dc.contributor.author | López Gonzalez, Jhon Fabio | spa |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-10-03T12:59:20Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-10-03T12:59:20Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025-09-29 | |
| dc.description | ilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | Se evaluó la eficacia anticoccidial de una mezcla de fitobióticos (Allium sativum, Curcuma longa, Origanum vulgare, Cinnamomum verum) y su influencia en parámetros sanitarios y zootécnicos en pollos de engorde, como alternativa al uso de anticoccidiales asociados a problemas de residualidad química y resistencia bacteriana. Los componentes de la mezcla fueron analizados mediante GC-MS para detectar los principales metabolitos. Eimeria spp., recolectada en granjas avícolas, fue esporulada para obtener el inóculo de desafío, cuyos ooquistes fueron identificados morfológicamente. Mediante un diseño de bloques completos al azar, se dividieron 105 pollos de un día de edad en cinco grupos, cada uno con tres réplicas de siete animales. Cuatro grupos fueron desafiados con el inóculo el día 14 del experimento: TT (suplementado en la dieta con el tratamiento convencional: salinomicina, nicarbazina), FB1 (dieta suplementada con fitobióticos a 300 ppm), FB2 (fitobióticos a 500 ppm), y DNT (desafiado no tratado); el quinto grupo fue NDNT (no desafiado, no tratado). Cada semana se evaluaron parámetros zootécnicos (peso, ganancia de peso, consumo acumulado y conversión alimenticia), hasta finalizar el ensayo el día 35, cuando los animales fueron sacrificados humanitariamente. Se realizó el conteo de ooquistes en heces entre los días 6 y 11 postinoculación. A seis aves por tratamiento se les realizó un hemograma completo, análisis de química sanguínea (PPT, albúmina, ALT, AST, FA, GGT, ácido úrico, urea y creatinina), valoración macroscópica de lesiones intestinales, identificación de Eimeria spp. en contenido intestinal, medición microscópica de la altura de vellosidades (AV) y profundidad de criptas (PC) en duodeno y yeyuno, y cálculo del índice AV: PC. Los análisis químicos de la mezcla fitobiótica indicaron presencia de metabolitos secundarios relacionados con el control de Eimeria spp. Las especies y proporciones presentes en el inóculo fueron: E. acervulina (7,5%), E. máxima (10%), E. brunetti (17,5%), E. necatrix (17,5%) y E. tenella (47,5%). No se encontraron diferencias significativas (p > 0,05) entre tratamientos en el conteo de ooquistes en heces; sin embargo, se observó un descenso más pronunciado en los tratamientos FB1 y FB2 entre los días 6 y 8. En estos mismos grupos no se detectaron lesiones intestinales en duodeno, y el 13% y 33% de los individuos, respectivamente, presentaron lesiones en yeyuno de grado 1. El índice AV: PC fue similar entre FB1, FB2 y TT. DNT exhibió microcitosis e hipocromía; NDNT y DNT presentaron trombocitosis; TT presentó leucocitosis con heterofilia, mientras que FB1 evidenció leucopenia con heteropenia. Los linfocitos estuvieron por debajo del límite inferior en todos los tratamientos. Los parámetros de química sanguínea no mostraron cambios relevantes. Los parámetros zootécnicos no evidenciaron tendencias claras a favor del uso de fitobióticos; sin embargo, la conversión alimenticia fue inferior en los tratamientos que los recibieron. Aunque no se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas a favor del uso de fitobióticos en las concentraciones evaluadas (300 y 500 ppm), se observó una tendencia a una disminución más rápida en el conteo de ooquistes en heces, menor grado de lesiones intestinales y una mejor conversión alimenticia en comparación con los demás tratamientos. (Texto tomado de la fuente). | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | The anticoccidial efficacy of a phytobiotic blend (Allium sativum, Curcuma longa, Origanum vulgare, Cinnamomum verum) and its influence on health and zootechnical parameters in broiler chickens were evaluated as an alternative to the use of anticoccidials associated with chemical residue issues and bacterial resistance. The components of the blend were analyzed by GC-MS to detect the main metabolites. Eimeria spp., collected from poultry farms, were sporulated to obtain the challenge inoculum, and the oocysts were morphologically identified. Using a randomized complete block design, 105 one-day-old broiler chickens were divided into five groups, each with three replicates of seven animals. Four groups were challenged with the inoculum on day 14 of the experiment: TT (diet supplemented with the conventional treatment: salinomycin and nicarbazin), FB1 (diet supplemented with phytobiotics at 300 ppm), FB2 (phytobiotics at 500 ppm), and DNT (challenged, untreated); the fifth group was NDNT (not challenged, not treated). Zootechnical parameters (body weight, weight gain, cumulative feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) were evaluated weekly until the trial ended on day 35, when the animals were humanely euthanized. Oocyst counts in feces were performed between days 6 and 11 post-inoculation. Six birds per treatment underwent a complete blood count, blood chemistry analysis (TP, albumin, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, uric acid, urea, and creatinine), macroscopic evaluation of intestinal lesions, identification of Eimeria spp. in intestinal contents, microscopic measurement of villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) in the duodenum and jejunum, and calculation of the VH:CD ratio. Chemical analysis of the phytobiotic blend indicated the presence of secondary metabolites associated with the control of Eimeria spp. The species and proportions present in the inoculum were: E. acervulina (7.5%), E. maxima (10%), E. brunetti (17.5%), E. necatrix (17.5%), and E. tenella (47.5%). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between treatments in fecal oocyst counts; however, a more pronounced reduction was observed in the FB1 and FB2 treatments between days 6 and 8. In these same groups, no intestinal lesions were detected in the duodenum, and 13% and 33% of individuals, respectively, presented grade 1 lesions in the jejunum. The VH:CD ratio was similar among FB1, FB2, and TT. DNT exhibited microcytosis and hypochromia; NDNT and DNT showed thrombocytosis; TT presented leukocytosis with heterophilia, while FB1 showed leukopenia with heteropenia. Lymphocyte counts were below the lower limit in all treatments. Blood chemistry parameters did not show relevant changes. Zootechnical parameters did not reveal clear trends favoring the use of phytobiotics; however, feed conversion was lower in the treatments that received them. Although no statistically significant differences were found in favor of phytobiotic use at the evaluated concentrations (300 and 500 ppm), there was a trend toward a faster reduction in fecal oocyst counts, a lower degree of intestinal lesions, and better feed conversion compared to other treatments. | eng |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | spa |
| dc.description.degreename | Magíster en Ciencias - Farmacología | spa |
| dc.description.methods | Se evaluó la eficacia anticoccidial de una mezcla de fitobióticos (Allium sativum, Curcuma longa, Origanum vulgare, Cinnamomum verum) y su influencia en parámetros sanitarios y zootécnicos en pollos de engorde de 1 a 35 días de vida, los componentes de la mezcla fueron analizados mediante GC-MS para detectar los principales metabolitos. Eimeria spp fue esporulada para obtener el inóculo de desafío; para el análisis estadístico se utilizo un diseño de bloques completos al azar; cada semana se evaluaron los parámetros zootécnicos. Se realizó el conteo de ooquistes en heces entre los días 6 y 11 post inoculación. A seis aves por tratamiento se les realizó un hemograma completo, análisis de química sanguínea, valoración macroscópica de lesiones intestinales, identificación de Eimeria spp. en contenido intestinal, medición microscópica de la altura de vellosidades (AV) y profundidad de criptas (PC) en duodeno y yeyuno, y cálculo del índice AV: PC. | spa |
| dc.format.extent | xv, 94 páginas | spa |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | spa |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89009 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá | spa |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias | spa |
| dc.publisher.place | Bogotá, Colombia | spa |
| dc.publisher.program | Bogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Farmacología | spa |
| dc.relation.indexed | Agrosavia | spa |
| dc.relation.indexed | Agrovoc | spa |
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| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional | |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | Infección por protozoos | spa |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | protozoal infections | eng |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | Pollo de engorde | spa |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | broiler chickens | eng |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | Allium sativum | spa |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | Allium sativum | eng |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | Curcuma longa | spa |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | Curcuma longa | eng |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | Origanum vulgare | spa |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | Origanum vulgare | eng |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | Cinnamomum verum | spa |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | Cinnamomum verum | eng |
| dc.subject.ddc | 630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::636 - Producción animal | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Coccidiosis aviar | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Fitobióticos | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Resultados zootécnicos | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Eimeria | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Indicadores de salud | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Avian coccidiosis | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Phytobiotics | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Zootechnical performance | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Eimeria | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Health indicators | eng |
| dc.title | Evaluación de la eficacia anticoccidial de una mezcla de fitogénicos (Allium sativum, Curcuma longa, Origanum vulgare, Cinnamomum verum) y su influencia en parámetros sanitarios y zootécnicos en pollo de engorde | spa |
| dc.title.translated | Evaluation of the anticoccidial efficacy of a phytogenic mixture (Allium sativum, Curcuma longa, Origanum vulgare, Cinnamomum verum) and its influence on health and zootechnical parameters in broiler chickens | eng |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | spa |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | |
| dc.type.content | Text | |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | |
| dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM | |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Estudiantes | spa |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Bibliotecarios | spa |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Investigadores | spa |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Maestros | spa |
| oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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