Sustentabilidad de la pesquería de arawana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) y otros peces ornamentales en el sur de la Amazonia colombiana
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El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar la pesquería de peces ornamentales del sur de
la Amazonia colombiana desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria, con el propósito proporcionar
información que permita desarrollar estrategias de aprovechamiento tanto a nivel local-privado,
como a nivel o nacional-Estatal. Las áreas del conocimiento aquí integradas fueron la biología,
la sociología, la economía y la política, por lo que el abordaje metodológico utilizado fue amplio.
Se utilizaron estrategias de investigación de las ciencias sociales como la observación
participante y estrategias de las ciencias naturales, como el registro diario de la captura total y
el esfuerzo de pesca mediante la investigación participativa. El presente trabajo hace un mayor
énfasis en el área de influencia de Tarapacá (bajo río Putumayo), debido a que se identificó
como la localidad más importante para la pesquería ornamental. Igualmente, se hace mayor
énfasis en la pesquería de la arawana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum), por ser el pez ornamental
de mayor importancia en la región. El cuerpo del documento posee cuatro capítulos, cada uno
de los cuales si bien es completo e independiente, son complementarios y es necesario
abordarlos todos para poder tener la visión integral de la actividad. Los dos primeros capítulos,
poseen una visión más “biológica”, el tercero es más “social” y el cuarto es más “político”. En
general, este trabajo argumenta que para lograr la sustentabilidad de la pesquería ornamental
en el Amazonas, es necesario entablar relaciones con los países vecinos para gestionar
políticas de manejo coordinadas. Otra limitación identificada fue la falta de diálogo entre las
entidades gubernamentales (ambientales y pesqueras) con las autoridades indígenas, ya que
éstas de forma autónoma están encargadas del manejo ambiental de gran parte del territorio
amazónico colombiano. Es importante que se continúe el trabajo participativo con las
comunidades ribereñas del bajo río Putumayo, y que junto con las autoridades indígenas se
adelanten programas de conservación para la arawana que incluyan estrategias de co-manejo
por comunidad.
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This research main aim was to analyze the ornamental fish fishery at the southern Colombian Amazon from a interdisciplinary perspective, in order to provide useful information to develop management strategies at the local-private or national-governmental level. The knowledge areas here integrated were the biology sociology, economy and politics, thus a wide methodological approach was used. From the social sciences research strategies such as the participant observation was used, and from the natural sciences daily records on total capture and fishing effort were monitored using participatory research methods. The present work emphasis on Tarapacá´s influence area (lower Putumayo river), due to the fact that it was identified as the most important locality for the ornamental fishery. Equally, this work makes more emphasis on the arawana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) fishery, because it is the most important ornamental fish in the region. The document corpus poses four chapters, each one complete and independent, but complementary. However, it is necessary to approach them all to have a global vision on the activity. The firs two chapters have a more “biological” perspective, the third a more “social” perspective and the forth a more “political” perspective. In general, the document argues that in order to achieve the ornamental fish fishery sustainability in the Amazon, it is necessary to establish relationships with the neighboring countries in order to coordinately develop more appropriate management rules. An other limitation identified, was the lack of dialogue between the governmental (environmental and fishery) authorities with the indigenous authorities, since these, in an autonomous way, are in charged of managing the environment of a large portion of the Colombian Amazon territory. It is important to continue the participatory work with the riverine communities of the lower Putumayo river, and to jointly with the indigenous authorities to advance conservation programs for the arawana that include comanagement strategies by community.
This research main aim was to analyze the ornamental fish fishery at the southern Colombian Amazon from a interdisciplinary perspective, in order to provide useful information to develop management strategies at the local-private or national-governmental level. The knowledge areas here integrated were the biology sociology, economy and politics, thus a wide methodological approach was used. From the social sciences research strategies such as the participant observation was used, and from the natural sciences daily records on total capture and fishing effort were monitored using participatory research methods. The present work emphasis on Tarapacá´s influence area (lower Putumayo river), due to the fact that it was identified as the most important locality for the ornamental fishery. Equally, this work makes more emphasis on the arawana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) fishery, because it is the most important ornamental fish in the region. The document corpus poses four chapters, each one complete and independent, but complementary. However, it is necessary to approach them all to have a global vision on the activity. The firs two chapters have a more “biological” perspective, the third a more “social” perspective and the forth a more “political” perspective. In general, the document argues that in order to achieve the ornamental fish fishery sustainability in the Amazon, it is necessary to establish relationships with the neighboring countries in order to coordinately develop more appropriate management rules. An other limitation identified, was the lack of dialogue between the governmental (environmental and fishery) authorities with the indigenous authorities, since these, in an autonomous way, are in charged of managing the environment of a large portion of the Colombian Amazon territory. It is important to continue the participatory work with the riverine communities of the lower Putumayo river, and to jointly with the indigenous authorities to advance conservation programs for the arawana that include comanagement strategies by community.