Estudio del efecto de la hipoglucemia neonatal sobre las proteínas GLT-1, GFAP y GS de astrocitos cerebrales de ratas Wistar

dc.contributor.advisorDueñas Gomez, Zulma Janeth
dc.contributor.authorTarazona Calle, Angi Lizeth
dc.contributor.cvlacTarazona Calle, Angie Lizeth [0002105465]
dc.contributor.cvlacDueñas Gomez, Zulma Janeth [0000375608]
dc.contributor.googlescholarDueñas Gomez, Zulma Janeth [YZEw4D8AAAAJ&hl]
dc.contributor.orcidTarazona Calle, Angie Lizeth [0009-0009-7635-1644]
dc.contributor.orcidDueñas Gomez, Zulma Janeth [0000-0001-6068-4174]
dc.contributor.researchgateZulma Duenas [Zulma-Duenas]
dc.contributor.researchgroupNeurobiología, Fisiología y Comportamiento
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-30T02:05:35Z
dc.date.available2026-01-30T02:05:35Z
dc.date.issued2025-12-04
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, fotografíasspa
dc.description.abstractLas primeras horas posparto son fundamentales para todos los humanos recién nacidos. Uno de los mayores desafíos a superar es alcanzar en pocas horas, la autorregulación de la concentración de glucosa sistémica. Este proceso normal de adaptación se denomina hipoglucemia transitoria e inicia en el nacimiento cuando se suspende el aporte de sustratos provenientes de la madre, y el neonato experimenta cambios metabólicos en respuesta a la disminución fisiológica de los niveles de glucosa en sangre (Stanley CA et al. 2015; Lactancia materna menores de 6 meses, 2019). En 2025 la Pediatric Endocrine Society PES (Thomton PS et al. 2015), formuló una serie de recomendaciones para el manejo neonatal, que incluyen iniciar tratamiento inmediato cuando los niveles plasmáticos de glucosa en sangre periférica son menores a 60 mg/dL. A pesar de ello, expertos de otras regiones sugieren que es posible tolerar glucemias hasta 45 mg/dL en neonatos sanos durante las primeras 24 horas postparto (Lezcano et al., 2021). Actualmente, no hay consenso sobre cuál es el valor de glucemia seguro en especial para el cerebro neonatal (Shah et al., 2019; Iklé JM et al., 2021; Giouleka S et al., 2023). El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar en ratas Wistar P14, el efecto de la hipoglucemia y el ayuno prolongados sobre la síntesis de las proteínas GFAP, GS y GLT-1 en astrocitos cerebrales, pretendiendo aportar a la comprensión de los efectos que puede tener, someter el cerebro neonatal a concentraciones bajas de glucosa que actualmente son aceptadas sumando condiciones de ayuno durante un periodo de seis horas. A partir de la estandarización del modelo murino de hipoglucemia neonatal moderada, encontrando la dosis de insulina que disminuyera con éxito los niveles de glucosa periférica a niveles entre 45-55 mg/dL durante el tiempo propuesto, se realizó el estudio a partir de un diseño experimental que incluyó cuatro grupos de ratas Wistar P14 a quienes les fue administrada insulina vía intraperitoneal (i.p.) o vehículo y fueron expuestos a condiciones de ayuno durante seis horas (Oberheim et al., 2013; Vargas-Sánchez et al., 2018). El modelo permitió garantizar las condiciones de hipoglucemia moderada y ayuno y el siguiente paso fue la evaluación de los marcadores astrocitarios GFAP, GS y GLT-1, utilizando inmunofluorescencia indirecta con triple marcaje. Los resultados de los análisis mostraron que un episodio de hipoglucemia moderada y ayuno durante seis horas induce cambios estadísticamente significativos en la inmunorreactividad de estas proteínas, encargadas de mantener la homeostasis del glutamato y que, la respuesta del tejido cerebral es diferencial según el área, siendo CA1 susceptible a estos cambios, con un aumento entre el 20% y el 70% para las tres proteínas. (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.abstractThe first few hours postpartum are fundamental for all newborns. One of the greatest challenges to overcome in the first few hours is achieving self-regulation of systemic glucose concentration. This normal regulatory process is called transient hypoglycemia and begins at birth when the supply of substrates from the mother is suspended and the neonate experiences protective metabolic changes in response to a physiological decrease in blood glucose levels (Stanley CA et al. 2015; Lactancia materna menores de 6 meses, 2019). In 2025, the Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES) (Thomton PS et al. 2015) formulated a series of recommendations for neonatal management, which include initiating immediate treatment when peripheral blood glucose levels are below 60 mg/dL. However, experts from other regions suggest that blood glucose levels as low as 45 mg/dL may be tolerated in healthy neonates during the first 24 hours postpartum (Lezcano et al., 2021). Currently, there is no consensus on what safe blood glucose value is, especially for the neonatal brain (Shah et al., 2019; Iklé JM et al., 2021; Giouleka S et al., 2023). The objective of this study was to examine the effect of prolonged hypoglycemia and fasting on the synthesis of GFAP, GS, and GLT-1 proteins in brain astrocytes in P14 Wistar rats. The research aimed to contribute to understanding the effects that exposing the neonatal brain to low glucose concentrations currently considered acceptable combined with fasting conditions for six hours might have. Following the standardization of a mouse model of moderate neonatal hypoglycemia, the appropriate insulin dose was identified to successfully reduce peripheral glucose levels to 45-55 mg/dL during the proposed period. The study was conducted using an experimental design that included four groups of P14 Wistar rats. These rats received either insulin or vehicle via intraperitoneal injection and were subjected to fasting conditions for six hours (Oberheim et al., 2013; Vargas-Sánchez et al., 2018). This model ensured moderate hypoglycemia and fasting conditions were maintained. The next step involved evaluating the astrocytic markers GFAP, GS, and GLT-1 using indirect immunofluorescence with triple labeling. The analysis results showed that a single episode of moderate hypoglycemia and six-hour fasting induces statistically significant changes in the immunoreactivity of these proteins, which are responsible for maintaining glutamate homeostasis. Additionally, brain tissue response varies by region, with the CA1 area being particularly susceptible to these changes, showing increases of 20% to 70% for all three proteins.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Neurociencias
dc.description.methodsTodos los procedimientos realizados en los animales durante este estudio fueron aprobados por el Comité de Ética de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, aval CEI-FC 2024-A07-P8. Se realizó la prueba de estandarización para determinar la dosis de insulina Lispro® óptima para alcanzar y mantener los niveles de glucosa objetivo (45-55 mg/dL) dentro de las seis horas propuestas para el modelo; una vez determinada la dosis de insulina, se realizó el estudio bajo un diseño experimental que incluyó inducción de hipoglucemia y ayuno en un grupo de 39 ratas Wistar P14, distribuidas en cuatro grupos experimentales, Control (C), Hipoglucemia (H), Hipoglucemia y ayuno (H+A) y Ayuno (A), los análisis estadísticos se realizaron con el software de código abierto RStudio 2024.12.1 Build 563. La medición de la glucemia se realizó en todos los grupos mediante punción de la punta de la cola y análisis con glucómetro convencional, con una frecuencia de 60 minutos, a excepción de la segunda medición la cual se realizó luego de 30 minutos posterior a la primera inyección de insulina o el vehículo (Liu et al., 2013), el modelo incluye la redosificación con dosis de 0.5UI/kg para los grupos H y H+A cuando se registraron niveles de glucosa superiores a 60mg/dL, con el objetivo de mantener los niveles de glucosa propuestos. El análisis de normalidad se realizó con la prueba Shapiro-Wilk, algunos valores de glucosa en los grupos H y A no pasaron las pruebas de normalidad, teniendo en cuenta lo anterior y el tamaño de la muestra, se usó prueba no paramétrica: Kruskal-Wallis y post hoc. Una vez realizado el protocolo de inducción de hipoglucemia, luego de las 6 horas de tratamiento, los animales fueron preparados para la obtención y procesamiento de los tejidos. Para el análisis inmunohistoquímico se utilizó la técnica de inmunofluorescencia indirecta, triple marcaje en tejido flotante, específicamente cortes coronales de 40 μm de espesor, de las áreas CA1, DG y Corteza Parieto-occipital; marcando tres proteínas estructurales y funcionales de los astrocitos cerebrales de ratas Wistar P14 (GFAP, GS y GLT-1). Las imágenes de microscopia confocal de alta resolución se obtuvieron con el microscopio de fluorescencia invertido marca Nikon serie Eclipse y el sistema confocal C1i. Para la cuantificación de la señal de inmunomarcaje se utilizó el software de código abierto Fiji de ImageJ 1.54p.
dc.description.researchareaEfectos neurales y comportamentales del estrés
dc.format.extentxviii, 72 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89351
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Genéticaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicina
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Maestría en Neurociencias
dc.relation.indexedBireme
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::616 - Enfermedades
dc.subject.ddc590 - Animales::599 - Mamíferos
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::573 - Sistemas fisiológicos específicos en animales, histología regional y fisiología en los animales
dc.subject.decsHipoglucemiaspa
dc.subject.decsHypoglycemiaeng
dc.subject.decsRatas Wistarspa
dc.subject.decsRats, Wistareng
dc.subject.decsGlucosaspa
dc.subject.decsGlucoseeng
dc.subject.proposalAstrocitosspa
dc.subject.proposalHipoglucemia Neonatalspa
dc.subject.proposalGlial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)eng
dc.subject.proposalGlutamina Sintetasa (GS)spa
dc.subject.proposalTransportador de Glutamato (GLT-1)spa
dc.subject.proposalHipocampospa
dc.subject.proposalCorteza Parieto-occipitalspa
dc.subject.proposalAstrocyteseng
dc.subject.proposalNeonatal hypoglycemiaeng
dc.subject.proposalGlial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)eng
dc.subject.proposalGlutamine Synthetase (GS)eng
dc.subject.proposalGlutamate Transporter (GLT-1)eng
dc.subject.proposalHippocampuseng
dc.subject.proposalParieto-occipital cortexeng
dc.titleEstudio del efecto de la hipoglucemia neonatal sobre las proteínas GLT-1, GFAP y GS de astrocitos cerebrales de ratas Wistarspa
dc.title.translatedEffect of neonatal hypoglycemia on the GLT-1, GFAP, and GS proteins of cerebral astrocytes in Wistar ratseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEspecializada
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPadres y familias
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
oaire.awardtitleConvocatoria de Investigación, Creación e Innovación para Atención de Problemáticas del Campus Universitario – Región Bogotá – 2024: Estudio del Posible Efecto de la Hipoglucemia Neonatal sobre Astrocitos Cerebrales de Ratas Wistar
oaire.fundernameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia, Vicerrectoria de Investigación, Sede Bogotá

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