Estrategias tecnológicas para la eliminación de los sabores amargos y astringentes del aceite de Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) y evaluación del impacto en la calidad fisicoquímica, estabilidad oxidativa y perfil sensorial

dc.contributor.advisorGutierrez Alvarez, Luis Felipe
dc.contributor.authorRivero García, Henry
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-15T16:06:55Z
dc.date.available2023-02-15T16:06:55Z
dc.date.issued2021-12
dc.descriptionilustraciones, fotografíasspa
dc.description.abstractEl aceite de Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L) en uno de los aceites de mayor potencial nutricional y económico en diferentes regiones del país. Su composición en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 (~ 50 %) y omega-6 (~ 35 %) lo convierten en un aceite de alto valor nutritivo con numerosos beneficios para la salud y es considerado como uno de los mejores aceites en el mundo. La obtención del aceite de Sacha Inchi se hace normalmente por procesos de prensado en frío, para conservar los compuestos bioactivos (tocoferoles, fenoles, compuestos antioxidante e insaponificables) que tienen beneficios para la salud de los consumidores. Sin embargo, uno de los inconvenientes que limita el consumo de este aceite es su perfil sensorial fuerte, como olores y sabores poco agradables que se refleja en el bajo consumo en la población colombiana. En la búsqueda de una solución a este problema, este trabajo se enfocó en evaluar el efecto de varios pretratamientos a las semillas de Sacha Inchi (tostión en horno a 125 y 190 °C; calentamiento con vapor saturado, y cocción en agua) en el rendimiento de extracción y en las características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de los aceites extraídos. Estos tratamientos se aplicaron durante 15, 30 y 60 minutos, y se evaluó también el proceso de refinación a bajas temperaturas (170 oC). La caracterización fisicoquímica de los aceites se hizo en términos del índice de acidez, valor de peróxidos, índice de yodo, estabilidad oxidativa, contenido de fitoesteroles y tocoferoles, perfil de ácidos grasos y de triacilgliceroles. La evaluación sensorial de los aceites se llevó a cabo a través de un panel entrenado por 9 integrantes que determinó los perfiles de olor, sabor y residual. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que el tratamiento por cocción conduce a los mayores rendimientos de extracción (41,65 ± 1,93 %). La acidez varió entre 0,09 % para el aceite refinado hasta 0,51 % el tratamiento de horneado a 125 oC durante 15 minutos. El valor peróxido se incrementó para los tratamientos de hervido hasta 49,98 meq O2 / kg, el índice de yodo no cambió con los tratamientos y osciló entre 181,09 g I2/100 g en la muestra horneado a 190 oC por 30 minutos hasta 195,51 g I2/100 g para la muestra del Resumen y Abstract VI tratamiento hervido durante 15 minutos. Para la estabilidad oxidativa se observó reducción en el periodo de inducción de la muestra RBD a 0,47 h y la muestra control fue de 1,80 h. El perfil de ácidos grasos y de triglicéridos no cambió significativamente para los tratamientos, el contenido SAFA fue de 6,9 % hasta 10,1 %, el omega 3 se ve reducido a 40,6 % por el efecto de la temperatura en el tratamiento de horno a 190 oC y en los tratamientos de vapor y horno se mantiene entre 47,03 % hasta 48,06 %. El contenido de fitoesteroles que se encontró en las muestras de aceite de Sacha Inchi fue de 166,9 mg/100 g en la muestra hervido de 60 minutos y 282 mg/100 g en la muestra del tratamiento de vapor a 15 minutos. Los tocoferoles de las muestras de aceite tratadas por los diferentes procesos térmicos oscilaron entre 1567 mg/kg para el aceite que se refinó a 170 oC hasta 2130 mg/kg para la muestra de aceite SIO-OV 125/30 min. En el perfil sensorial se observó que en todos los tratamientos obtuvo una reducción significativa (p<0,05) en el perfil de sabor y residual astringente, herbal y amargo. Los tratamientos térmicos tienen efecto significativo para la reducción de los compuestos responsables de los olores y sabores desagradables en el aceite de Sacha Inchi sin afectar considerablemente su calidad fisicoquímica y nutricional y se constituye en una alternativa para el procesamiento de las semillas previo a la extracción del aceite y de esta forma mejorar la aceptación del aceite en el consumidor final.(Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractSacha Inchi oil (Plukenetia volubilis L) is one of the oils with the greatest nutritional and economic potential in different regions of the country. Its composition in polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 (~ 50%) and omega-6 (~ 35%) make it a highly nutritious oil with numerous health benefits and is considered one of the best oils in the world. Obtaining Sacha Inchi oil is normally done by cold pressing processes, to preserve bioactive compounds (tocopherols, phenols, antioxidant and unsaponifiable compounds) that have health benefits for consumers. However, one of the drawbacks that limits the consumption of this oil is its strong sensory profile, such as unpleasant smells and flavors, which is reflected in the low consumption in the Colombian population. In the search for a solution to this problem, this work focused on evaluating the effect of various pretreatments on Sacha Inchi seeds (oven roasting at 125 and 190 ° C; heating with saturated steam and cooking in water) on the extraction performance and in the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the extracted oils. These treatments were applied for 15, 30 and 60 minutes, and the refining process at low temperatures (170 ºC) was also evaluated. The physicochemical characterization of the oils was made in terms of acid number, peroxide value, iodine number, stability, content of phytosterols and tocopherols, profile of fatty acids and triacylglycerols. The sensory evaluation of the oils was carried out through a panel trained by 9 members who determined the odor, flavor, and residual profiles. The results obtained indicated that the cooking treatment leads to the highest extraction yields (41.65 ± 1.93 %). The acidity ranged from 0.09% for the refined oil to 0.51% for the baking treatment at 125 ° C for 15 minutes. The peroxide value increased for the boiling treatments up to 49.98 meq O2 / kg, the iodine number did not change with the treatments and ranged between 181.09 g I2 /100g in the sample baked at 190 ºC for 30 minutes until 195.51 gI2 /100 g for the treatment sample boiled for 15 minutes. For oxidative stability, a reduction in the induction period of the RBD sample was observed at 0.47 h and the control sample was 1.80 h. The profile of fatty acids and triglycerides did not change significantly for the treatments, the SAFA content was from 6.9 % to 10.1%, the omega 3 is reduced to 40.6 % due to the effect of temperature in the treatment in the oven at 190 ºC and in the steam and oven treatments it remains between 47.03 % and 48.06 %. The phytosterols content found in the Sacha Inchi oil samples was 166.9 mg / 100g in the 60-minute boiled sample and 282 mg /100 g in the 15-minute steam treatment sample. The tocopherols of the oil samples treated by the different thermal processes ranged from 1567 mg / kg for the oil that was refined at 170 ºC to 2130 mg / kg for the SIO-OV 125/30 min oil sample. The sensory profile was observed that in all the treatments they obtained a significant reduction (p <0.05) in the flavor profile and astringent, herbal and bitter residual. Heat treatments have a significant effect on reducing the compounds responsible for unpleasant odors and flavors in Sacha Inchi oil without considerably affecting its physicochemical and nutritional quality and it constitutes an alternative for the processing of the seeds prior to the extraction of the oil and thus improve the acceptance of the oil in the final consumer.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentosspa
dc.description.notesSacha Inchi oil (Plukenetia volubilis L) is one of the oils with the greatest nutritional and economic potential in different regions of the country. Its composition in polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 (~ 50%) and omega-6 (~ 35%) make it a highly nutritious oil with numerous health benefits and is considered one of the best oils in the world. Obtaining Sacha Inchi oil is normally done by cold pressing processes, to preserve bioactive compounds (tocopherols, phenols, antioxidant and unsaponifiable compounds) that have health benefits for consumers. However, one of the drawbacks that limits the consumption of this oil is its strong sensory profile, such as unpleasant smells and flavors, which is reflected in the low consumption in the Colombian population. In the search for a solution to this problem, this work focused on evaluating the effect of various pretreatments on Sacha Inchi seeds (oven roasting at 125 and 190 ° C; heating with saturated steam and cooking in water) on the extraction performance and in the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the extracted oils. These treatments were applied for 15, 30 and 60 minutes, and the refining process at low temperatures (170 oC) was also evaluated. The physicochemical characterization of the oils was made in terms of acid number, peroxide value, iodine number, stability, content of phytosterols and tocopherols, profile of fatty acids and triacylglycerols. The sensory evaluation of the oils was carried out through a panel trained by 9 members who determined the odor, flavor, and residual profiles. The results obtained indicated that the cooking treatment leads to the highest extraction yields (41.65 ± 1.93 %). The acidity ranged from 0.09% for the refined oil to 0.51% for the baking treatment at 125 ° C for 15 minutes. The peroxide value increased for the boiling treatments up to 49.98 meq O2 / kg, the iodine number did not change with the treatments and ranged between 181.09 g I2 /100g in the sample baked at 190 oC for 30 minutes until 195.51 gI2 /100 g for the treatment sample boiled for 15 minutes. For oxidative stability, a reduction in the induction period of the RBD sample was observed at 0.47 Resumen y Abstract VIII h and the control sample was 1.80 h. The profile of fatty acids and triglycerides did not change significantly for the treatments, the SAFA content was from 6.9 % to 10.1%, the omega 3 is reduced to 40.6 % due to the effect of temperature in the treatment in the oven at 190 oC and in the steam and oven treatments it remains between 47.03 % and 48.06 %. The phytosterols content found in the Sacha Inchi oil samples was 166.9 mg / 100g in the 60-minute boiled sample and 282 mg /100 g in the 15-minute steam treatment sample. The tocopherols of the oil samples treated by the different thermal processes ranged from 1567 mg / kg for the oil that was refined at 170 oC to 2130 mg / kg for the SIO-OV 125/30 min oil sample. The sensory profile was observed that in all the treatments they obtained a significant reduction (p <0.05) in the flavor profile and astringent, herbal and bitter residual. Heat treatments have a significant effect on reducing the compounds responsible for unpleasant odors and flavors in Sacha Inchi oil without considerably affecting its physicochemical and nutritional quality and it constitutes an alternative for the processing of the seeds prior to the extraction of the oil and thus improve the acceptance of the oil in the final consumer.eng
dc.format.extentxvi, 111 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83484
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Agrariasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentosspa
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dc.relation.referencesZanqui, A. B., da Silva, C. M., de Morais, D. R., Santos, J. M., Ribeiro, S. A. O., Eberlin, M. N., Cardozo-Filho, L., Visentainer, J. V., Gomes, S. T. M., & Matsushita, M. (2016). Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil composition varies with changes in temperature and pressure in subcritical extraction with n- propane. Industrial Crops and Products, 87(September), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.029spa
dc.relation.referencesZapata, K., Piedrahita, A. M., Alzate, F. B., & Rojano, B. A. (2015). Estabilización oxidativa del aceite de Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) con suspensiones de mortiño (Vaccinium meridionale SW ). Revista Ciencia En Desarrollo, 6(2), 141–153. https://doi.org/10.19053/01217488.3784spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseReconocimiento 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc540 - Química y ciencias afinesspa
dc.subject.lembNutriciónspa
dc.subject.lembNutritioneng
dc.subject.lembVegetable oilseng
dc.subject.lembAceites vegetalesspa
dc.subject.proposalSacha Inchispa
dc.subject.proposalOmega-3spa
dc.subject.proposalRefinaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalEstabilidad oxidativaspa
dc.subject.proposalAntinutrientesspa
dc.subject.proposalSaponinasspa
dc.subject.proposalTaninosspa
dc.subject.proposalPerfil sensorialspa
dc.titleEstrategias tecnológicas para la eliminación de los sabores amargos y astringentes del aceite de Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) y evaluación del impacto en la calidad fisicoquímica, estabilidad oxidativa y perfil sensorialspa
dc.title.translatedTechnological strategies for the elimination of bitter and astringent flavors from Sacha Inchi oil (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) and evaluation of the impact on the physicochemical quality, oxidative stability and sensory profileeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentAdministradoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentBibliotecariosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentConsejerosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentGrupos comunitariosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestrosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPadres y familiasspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPersonal de apoyo escolarspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentProveedores de ayuda financiera para estudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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