Conocimientos y percepciones frente a la tamización del cáncer de próstata en una muestra de hombres en Bogotá, Colombia

dc.contributor.advisorCastro Avendaño, Juan Leonel
dc.contributor.advisorDonoso Donoso, Wilfredo
dc.contributor.advisorCastañeda Millán, David Andrés
dc.contributor.authorCastro Avendaño, Juan Leonel
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0001-7409-8600spa
dc.coverage.cityBogotá
dc.coverage.countryColombia
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-06T21:48:37Z
dc.date.available2024-02-06T21:48:37Z
dc.date.issued2024-01-31
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramasspa
dc.description.abstractContexto y Justificación: El cáncer de próstata es el tipo de cáncer más frecuente en hombres en Colombia y el segundo en todo el mundo. Las estrategias de tamización son un tema controversial por la falta de evidencia en reducción de mortalidad. Por ello, las estrategias de tamización son de oportunidad donde los pacientes informados son el eje central en la toma de decisiones compartidas. Hay escasa literatura reciente en el país que evalúe el proceso de toma de decisiones de hombres mayores de 45 años frente a la tamización de cáncer de próstata. Objetivo: Determinar a través de una encuesta auto diligenciada, los conocimientos y percepciones de una muestra de hombres colombianos frente a la tamización del cáncer de próstata. Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo. El instrumento fue una adaptación de dos instrumentos previamente utilizados por Çapık et al. (2011) y Musalli et al. (2021), basados en el sistema de creencias en salud frente a la tamización del cáncer de próstata. La encuesta adaptada incluye un total de 25 ítems. La muestra incluye trabajadores de sexo masculino de la universidad Nacional de Colombia de 45 o más años que cumplan los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: De 755 respuestas, 329 participantes cumplen los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. El promedio de edad fue 56 años, la escolaridad comúnmente fue pregrado y posgrado, el estrato socioeconómico más frecuente estuvo entre el 3-4, la mayoría son hombres casados y se encontraban afiliados al régimen contributivo. Casi la totalidad tenía conocimiento sobre el cáncer de próstata y los medios de comunicación fueron los principales medios de información. 83% considera que la probabilidad de tener CaP entre hombres del mismo rango etario era alta. 97% no asoció el diagnóstico de CaP con la probabilidad de morir por esta razón. Sin embargo, 96% indica que el diagnóstico de CaP genera temor. El 70% de los hombres conocían algún tipo de examen para la tamización de CaP. Los participantes consideraron mayoritariamente que la edad de tamización debía ser en menores de 50 años, con una frecuencia anual. 55% de los encuestados recibió la recomendación médica de realización de algún examen de tamización. Frente a la realización de algún examen de tamización, un 88% lo haría si percibe que contribuirá a su salud y 95% consideran estas pruebas beneficiosas. Frente a cada prueba en particular, el 97% consideró que el examen de PSA era útil, segura, indolora, fácil de hacer y cómoda. En contraste, frente al tacto rectal la percepción de alguna característica favorable cae a 57%. En caso de que se detecte cáncer de próstata, 98% de los hombres desearía conocer su diagnóstico. Se identifican al análisis univariado y multivariado múltiples asociaciones que influyen significativamente en la percepción y conocimiento de los hombres frente a la tamización del CaP. Conclusión: En la población encuestada existe un alto nivel de conocimientos, así como percepciones mayormente favorables ante las pruebas para tamización del CaP. Recibir información por profesionales de salud y una mayor edad aumentan el conocimiento, la realización y la percepción favorable de las pruebas. Por otra parte, es importante considerar estrategias dirigidas a la población con menor probabilidad de conocer, realizar pruebas y percibir favorablemente la tamización, como los afiliados al régimen contributivo en comparación con el régimen de excepción o los hombres que consideran realizar pruebas solo si tienen síntomas. Aspectos éticos: Este estudio se clasifica según la normatividad colombiana como: Sin riesgo. Además, se adhiere a regulaciones internacionales y acuerdos de buenas prácticas clínicas garantizando la confidencialidad de la información analizada. Todos los participantes aprobaron su participación mediante el diligenciamiento de consentimiento informado. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractContext and Justification: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in Colombia and the second most common worldwide. Screening strategies are a controversial topic due to the lack of evidence in reducing mortality. Therefore, screening strategies provide an opportunity where informed patients play a central role in shared decision-making. There is limited recent literature in the country that evaluates the decision-making process of men over 45 years old regarding prostate cancer screening. Objective: Determine, through a self-administered survey, the knowledge and perceptions of a sample of Colombian men regarding prostate cancer screening. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. The instrument used was an adaptation of two instruments previously employed by Çapık et al. (2011) and Musalli et al. (2021), based on the health belief system regarding prostate cancer screening. The adapted survey includes a total of 25 items. The sample consists of male workers from the National University of Colombia aged 45 or older who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Out of 755 responses, 329 participants met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The average age was 56 years, with commonly completed undergraduate and postgraduate education. The most frequent socioeconomic stratum was between 3-4, and the majority were married men affiliated with the contributory regime. Almost all had knowledge about prostate cancer, with media being the main source of information. 83% considered the probability of having prostate cancer among men of the same age range to be high. 97% did not associate a prostate cancer diagnosis with the likelihood of dying for this reason. However, 96% indicated that a prostate cancer diagnosis generates fear. 70% of men were aware of some type of screening test for prostate cancer. Participants mostly believed that screening should start before the age of 50, with a yearly frequency. 55% of respondents received a medical recommendation for a screening test. Regarding undergoing screening, 88% would do so if they perceived it would contribute to their health, and 95% considered these tests beneficial. For each specific test, 97% considered the PSA test useful, safe, painless, easy to do, and comfortable. In contrast, for the rectal exam, the perception of any favorable characteristic dropped to 57%. If prostate cancer is detected, 98% of men would want to know their diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified multiple associations significantly influencing men's perception and knowledge of prostate cancer screening. Conclusion: In the surveyed population, there is a high level of knowledge and mostly favorable perceptions of prostate cancer screening tests. Receiving information from healthcare professionals and older age increase knowledge, participation, and favorable perceptions of the tests. On the other hand, it is important to consider strategies targeting populations less likely to be aware, undergo tests, and perceive screening favorably, such as those affiliated with the contributory regime compared to the exceptional regime or men who consider testing only if they have symptoms. Ethical Aspects: This study is classified according to Colombian regulations as "No risk." Additionally, it adheres to international regulations and agreements on good clinical practices, ensuring the confidentiality of the analyzed information. All participants approved their participation by completing the informed consent process.eng
dc.description.degreelevelEspecialidades Médicasspa
dc.description.degreenameEspecialista en Urologíaspa
dc.description.methodsEstudio transversal descriptivo con muestreo por conveniencia tipo encuestaspa
dc.format.extent[59 páginas]spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85638
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicinaspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Especialidad en Urologíaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y saludspa
dc.subject.decsNeoplasias de la Próstataspa
dc.subject.decsProstatic Neoplasmseng
dc.subject.decsTamizaje Masivospa
dc.subject.decsMass Screeningeng
dc.subject.proposalCáncer de próstataspa
dc.subject.proposalTamizaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalTacto rectalspa
dc.subject.proposalConocimientosspa
dc.titleConocimientos y percepciones frente a la tamización del cáncer de próstata en una muestra de hombres en Bogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.title.translatedKnowledge and perceptions regarding prostate cancer screening in a sample of men in Bogotá, Colombiaeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Especialidad Médicaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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