Experiencia en el manejo quirúrgico de las lesiones de plexo braquial en un hospital de IV nivel en Latinoamérica

dc.contributor.advisorMartínez Gutiérrez, Diana Carolina
dc.contributor.authorBenavides Mazo, Jorge Eduardo
dc.contributor.projectmemberDuque Ropero, David Fernando
dc.contributor.researchgroupPlasticunspa
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-25T13:57:21Z
dc.date.available2022-10-25T13:57:21Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractAntecedentes: Las lesiones del plexo braquial [LPB] causan severos déficits funcionales con implicaciones sustanciales para la salud mental y profundos impactos socioeconómicos. Debido a su común asociación con accidentes en motocicletas, se espera que la incidencia en Latinoamérica sea elevada, pero los datos en nuestra región son escasos. Objetivo: Describir la distribución de las LPB, las características de los pacientes y evaluar los desenlaces clínicos del manejo quirúrgico en adultos atendidos en un hospital de referencia en Colombia. Métodos: Este estudio ambispectivo, descriptivo e inferencial, incluyo pacientes evaluados entre enero de 2015 y junio de 2021. La información se obtuvo de los datos registrados en la historia clínica y la aplicación del cuestionario DASH. Resultados: Se incluyeron 44 pacientes con una edad media de 33 ± 13 años. El 95% hombres. El tiempo de evolución promedio hasta la cirugía fue 13,7 meses. El seguimiento medio fue de 38 ± 19 meses. Los accidentes en motocicleta causaron el 65,9% de todas las LPB. La afección del miembro superior derecho fue más frecuente (56,8%). El 36,4% de los pacientes presentaron politrauma. La LPB completa C5-T1 se observó en el 27,3%, seguida de la lesión alta extendida C5-C7 en el 22,7%. Las neurotizaciones fueron el procedimiento reconstructivo más utilizado. Respecto a los desenlaces clínicos funcionales, arcos de movimiento y fuerza, encontramos una mejoría postquirúrgica estadísticamente significativa en todos los grupos musculares (p < 0,01). Similar, en cuanto a la mejoría en la escala visual análoga de dolor (p < 0,0001). En promedio el 52,6 ± 10,9% de los pacientes alcanzaron una fuerza ≥ M3. La puntuación media del DASH postquirúrgico fue de 49,9 ± 20,8. El retraso en la intervención quirúrgica superior a 6 meses y la presentación de lesiones concomitantes se asociaron significativamente con peor pronóstico funcional, discapacidad y calidad de vida. 66% de los pacientes tuvieron una incapacidad total superior a 180 días, pero sólo un 27,3% cuenta con pensión por invalidez. Sólo 6 casos presentaron complicaciones. Conclusiones Las LPB son frecuentes en nuestro medio, la mayoría ocurren en hombres jóvenes en accidentes en motocicletas, quienes suelen acceder tardíamente a un manejo reconstructivo. A pesar de esto, observamos una mejoría significativa en los desenlaces clínicos de recuperación motora y reducción del dolor. Aunque, la percepción de discapacidad severa y pobre calidad de vida es persistente según lo medido con el DASH, evidencia de la común infravaloración de los desenlaces psicosociales en estos pacientes. Se requieren estudios más amplios y de carácter multicéntrico que corroboren nuestros hallazgos. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractBackground: Brachial plexus injuries [BPI] cause severe functional deficits with substantial mental health implications and profound socioeconomic impacts. Due to their common association with motorcycle accidents, the incidence in Latin America is expected to be high, but data in our region are scarce. Objective: To describe the distribution of the BPI and patient characteristics and evaluate the clinical outcomes of surgical management in adults attended at a referral hospital in Colombia. Methods: This ambispective, descriptive and inferential study included patients evaluated between January 2015 and June 2021. Information was obtained from data recorded in the clinical record and the application of the DASH score. Results: 44 patients were included with a mean age of 33 ± 13 years. 95% were male. The mean time to surgery was 13.7 months. Mean follow-up was 38 ± 19 months. Motorcycle accidents caused 65.9% of all BPI. Right upper limb involvement was more frequent (56.8%). Polytrauma was present in 36.4% of patients. Complete BPI (C5-T1) was observed in 27.3%, followed by extended high injury (C5-C7) in 22.7%. Nerve transfer was the most frequently used reconstructive procedure. Regarding functional clinical outcomes, arcs of motion, and strength, we found a statistically significant post-surgical improvement in all muscle groups (p < 0.01). Similar, in terms of improvement in the visual analog scale for pain (p < 0.0001). On average 52.6 ± 10.9% of patients achieved strength ≥ M3. The mean post-surgical DASH score was 49.9 ± 20.8. Delay in surgical intervention longer than 6 months and the presentation of concomitant lesions were significantly associated with worse functional prognosis, disability, and quality of life. 66% of the patients had a long-term disability of more than 180 days, but only 27.3% were retired. Complications were presented in 6 cases. Conclusions: BPI are frequent in our environment, most of them occurring in young men in motorcycle accidents, who usually have late access to reconstructive management. Despite this, we observed a significant improvement in the clinical outcomes of motor recovery and pain reduction. However, the perception of severe disability and poor quality of life is persistent as measured by the DASH score, evidence of the common underestimation of psychosocial outcomes in these patients. Larger, multicenter studies are needed to corroborate our findings.eng
dc.description.degreelevelEspecialidades Médicasspa
dc.description.degreenameEspecialista en Cirugía Plásticaspa
dc.description.researchareaCirugía de mano y Microcirugíaspa
dc.format.extentxiv, 55 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82445
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.departmentDepartamento de Cirugíaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicinaspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Especialidad en Cirugía Plásticaspa
dc.relation.indexedBiremespa
dc.relation.indexedRedColspa
dc.relation.indexedLaReferenciaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::617 - Cirugía, medicina regional, odontología, oftalmología, otología, audiologíaspa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::614 - Medicina Forense; incidencia de lesiones, heridas, enfermedades; medicina preventiva públicaspa
dc.subject.lembAccidente de transportespa
dc.subject.lembTransportation accidentseng
dc.subject.lembCirugía plásticaspa
dc.subject.lembSurgery, plasticeng
dc.subject.proposalLesión traumática del plexo braquialspa
dc.subject.proposalDAHSspa
dc.subject.proposalNervio periféricospa
dc.subject.proposalMicrocirugíaspa
dc.subject.proposalMicrocirugíaspa
dc.subject.proposalDiscapacidadspa
dc.subject.proposalCalidad de vidaspa
dc.subject.proposalTraumatic brachial plexus injuryeng
dc.subject.proposalDAHSeng
dc.subject.proposalPeripheral nerveeng
dc.subject.proposalMicrosurgeryeng
dc.subject.proposalFunctionalityeng
dc.subject.proposalDisabilityeng
dc.subject.proposalQuality of lifeeng
dc.titleExperiencia en el manejo quirúrgico de las lesiones de plexo braquial en un hospital de IV nivel en Latinoaméricaspa
dc.title.translatedExperience in the surgical management of brachial plexus injuries in a fourth level hospital in Latin Americaeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Especialidad Médicaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
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dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
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dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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