Evaluación genética, evaluación genómica y búsqueda de regiones del genoma en ganado Blanco Orejinegro asociadas a características productivas

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dc.contributor.advisorGonzález Herrera, Luis Gabrielspa
dc.contributor.advisorLópez Herrera, Albeirospa
dc.contributor.authorLondoño Gil, Marisolspa
dc.contributor.corporatenameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellínspa
dc.contributor.researchgroupBiodiversidad y Génetica Molecular \'BIOGEM\'spa
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-24T21:07:22Zspa
dc.date.available2020-08-24T21:07:22Zspa
dc.date.issued2020-07-23spa
dc.description.abstractStudying the traits involved in the growth of Blanco Orejinegro (BON) cattle and the environmental and genetic factors that are responsible for their variation is of great importance to stimulate its breeding. The aim of this work was to evaluate the genetic and genomic component of the Colombian Creole BON, using single nucleotide markers (SNPs) and to identify genomic regions associated with productive traits. A phenotypic, genetic and genomic analysis was performed. Genealogy information of 7799 animals was used, 3218, 2264, 496, 2287, 325 and 408 phenotypic records of growth traits birth weight (BW), weaning weight ( WW), yearling weight (TW), average daily gain at weaning (ADG), time to reach 120 kg (T120) of living weight and time to reach 60% of adult weight (T60%), respectively; and genotype information of 439 animals for 107999 SNPs. The fixed effects of calving number, contemporary group, sex and age at weighing and the random effects animal and matern (except PA and T60) were included. Conventional genetic evaluations were performed trough animal models uni and bivariates. The genomic evaluation also included the genomic information. The genomic association studies were performed using a Bayes Cπ. The means (± SD) found were for BW 31.8 ± 3.5 kg, WW 201.9 ± 34.2 kg at 265.9 ± 30.6 days, YW 230.5 ± 37.3 kg at 360.6 ± 16.7 days, AVD 0.645 ± 0.14 kg/day, T120 136.4 ± 27.4 days and T60% 541.1 ± 262.5 days. Low and medium direct and maternal heritability values were obtained, being 0.22 and 0.14 (BW), 0.20 and 0.15 (WW), 0.17, and 0.25 (ADG), 0.26 and 0.16 (T120), and direct heritability values of 0.20 (YW) and 0.44 (T60%). High and positive direct genetic correlations were observed between BW, WW, YW and ADG (0.84 to 0.99); high and negative (-0.66 to -1) between T20 with the traits BW, WW, YW and ADG; moderate to low and negative between T60% with BW, WW, YW and ADG (-0.02 to -0.51) and high and positive between T60% and T120 (0.60). When the genetic evaluation with the genomic one was compared, it was found that for most of the traits the ssGBLUP methodology increased between 0.01 and 0.22 the direct heritability estimate, while the maternal heritability estimate varied between -0.01 and 0.09 points difference. For most of the estimates obtained using genomics, an increase of between 0.01 and 0.11 points was observed in the accuracy of the estimated breeding values (EBVs) except for the maternal WW (-0.01) and maternal T120 (-0.17). The Pearson and Spearman correlations between the EBVs varied between 0.77 and 0.96, a large amount being greater than 0.90. Genomic associations showed different signals with effect on growth traits within genomic regions containing genes that are part of important biological processes and QTL, especially in BTA1, BTA2, BTA3, BTA6, BTA7, BTA10 and BTA14. Two regions were also identified, one region within BTA1 and the other in BTA3 with big effect on 4 of the 6 traits under analysis, evidencing the existing genetic correlation between growth traits. QTLs were identified associated with residual feed intake and with different growth traits in other breeds. These results show that some environmental factors affect growth in BON population and reveal that a substantial proportion of the variation in growth traits of Colombian BON cattle is associated with the direct additive genetic effect with the maternal genetic effect (except for YW and T60%) and that these traits can respond appropriately to selection processes. These results also indicate that there are no large deviations between the two methodologies in the calculation of the parameters and breeding values and will improve our biological, genetic and phenotypic understanding of growth in creole BON cattle from Colombia.spa
dc.description.abstractEstudiar las características involucradas en el crecimiento de ganado Blanco Orejinegro (BON) y los factores ambientales y genéticos que son responsables de su variación es de gran importancia para estimular la cría de esta raza. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar genética y genómicamente la raza Criolla Colombiana BON, e identificar regiones del genoma asociadas a características productivas. Para ello se realizó un análisis fenotípico, genético y genómico. Se utilizó información genealógica de 7799 animales, registros de 3218, 2264, 496, 2287, 325 y 408 animales para las características de crecimiento peso al nacimiento (PN), peso al destete (PD), peso al año (PA), ganancia diaria de peso entre el nacimiento y el destete (GDP), tiempo para alcanzar 120 kg (T120) de peso vivo y tiempo para alcanzar 60% de peso adulto (T60%), respectivamente; e información genotípica de 439 animales para 107.999 SNPs. Fueron incluidos los efectos fijos de número de parto, grupo contemporáneo, sexo, edad al pesaje y época y los efectos aleatorios animal y madre (excepto PA y T60). Una evaluación genética tradicional fue llevada a cabo a través de un modelo animal univariado y bivariado. La evaluación genómica se realizó a través de un modelo animal univariado que incluía información de genotipos. El análisis de asociación se realizó a través del método Bayes Cπ. Las medias fenotípicas (± DS) fueron para PN 31,8 ± 3,5 kg, PD 201,9 ± 34,2 kg a los 265,9 ± 30,6 días, PA 230,5 ± 37,3 kg a los 360,6 ± 16,7 días, GDP 0,645 ± 0,14 kg/día, T120 136,4 ± 27,4 días y T60% 541,1 ± 262,5 días. Se obtuvieron valores de heredabilidad directa y materna de bajos a medios, siendo de 0,22 y 0,14 (PN), 0,20 y 0,15 (PD), 0,17, y 0,25 (GDP), 0,26 y 0,16 (T120), y valores de heredabilidad directa de 0,20 (PA) y 0,44 (T60%). Fueron observadas correlaciones genéticas directas altas y positivas entre PN, PD, PA y GDP (entre 0,84 a 0,99); altas y negativas (entre -0,66 a -1) entre T20 con las características PN, PD, PA y GDP; moderadas a bajas y negativas entre T60% con PN, PD, PA, GDP (variando entre -0,02 a -0,51) y alta y positiva entre T60% y T120 (0,60). Al comparar la evaluación genética con la genómica se encontró que para la mayoría de las características la metodología ssGBLUP incrementó entre el 0,01 y 0,22 la estimativa de heredabilidad directa, mientras que para la heredabilidad materna la estimativa varió entre -0,01 y 0,09 puntos de diferencia. Para la mayoría de las estimativas obtenidas con utilización de información genómica, se observó un incremento entre 0,01 y 0,11 puntos en la precisión de los valores genéticos excepto para la característica PD materno (-0,01) y T120 materno (-0,17). Las correlaciones de Pearson y Spearman entre los valores genéticos variaron entre 0,77 y 0,96, siendo la mayoría superiores a 0,90. Los análisis de asociación genómica mostraron diferentes señales con alta probabilidad de tener efecto sobre las características de crecimiento de ganado BON del trópico colombiano. Procesos biológicos y QTL previamente reportados se asociaron estas características, en especial en los BTA1, BTA2, BTA3, BTA6, BTA7, BTA10 y BTA14. Se identificaron además dos regiones, una región dentro del BTA1 y otra en el BTA3 con gran efecto sobre 4 de las 6 características en análisis, evidenciando la correlación genética existente entre las características. En estas regiones se identificaron QTLs asociados por otros investigadores al consumo de alimento residual y a diferentes características de crecimiento en otras razas de ganado. Estos resultados muestran que algunos factores ambientales afectan el crecimiento en la población BON y revelan que una proporción sustancial de la variación de las características de crecimiento de ganado BON de Colombia, está asociada con el efecto genético aditivo directo y otro gran porcentaje está asociado al efecto genético materno (excepto para PA y T60%) y que estos rasgos, pueden responder adecuadamente a procesos de selección. Estos resultados también indican que no hay grandes desvíos entre las dos metodologías en el cálculo de los parámetros y valores genéticos y mejorarán nuestra comprensión biológica, genética y fenotípica del crecimiento en ganado criollo BON de Colombia.spa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.projectCONOCIENDO NUESTROS RECURSOS CRIOLLOS: ANÁLISIS GENÓMICO Y BUSQUEDA DE REGIONES DEL GENOMA ASOCIADAS A CARACTERÍSTICAS PRODUCTIVAS, REPRODUCTIVAS Y DE SALUD EN GANADO BLANCO OREJINEGRO (BON)spa
dc.description.sponsorshipMincienciasspa
dc.format.extent191spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/78201
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellínspa
dc.publisher.departmentEscuela de biocienciasspa
dc.publisher.programMedellín - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Biotecnologíaspa
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dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.spaAcceso abiertospa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc660 - Ingeniería químicaspa
dc.subject.proposalCreole cattleeng
dc.subject.proposalGanado criollospa
dc.subject.proposalgenesspa
dc.subject.proposalgeneseng
dc.subject.proposalheredabilidadspa
dc.subject.proposalgenetic meriteng
dc.subject.proposalheritabilityeng
dc.subject.proposalmérito genéticospa
dc.subject.proposalQTLspa
dc.subject.proposalQTLeng
dc.titleEvaluación genética, evaluación genómica y búsqueda de regiones del genoma en ganado Blanco Orejinegro asociadas a características productivasspa
dc.title.alternativeGenetic evaluation, genomic evaluation and search for regions in the genome of Blanco Orejinegro cattle associated with productive traitsspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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