Producción y caracterización de un material compuesto a base de partículas de magnetita y matrices de caucho nitrilo butadieno

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dc.contributor.advisorLandínez Téllez, David Arseniospa
dc.contributor.advisorRamos Barrado, José Ramónspa
dc.contributor.authorGarzón Posada, Andrés Orlandospa
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Física de Nuevos Materialesspa
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-19T05:03:08Zspa
dc.date.available2020-08-19T05:03:08Zspa
dc.date.issued2019-06-24spa
dc.description.abstractEste trabajo describe la fabricación de compuestos conformados a partir de matrices de nitrilo butadieno reforzadas con partículas de magnetita sintética o mineral en diferentes cantidades. Para después, estudiar sus propiedades morfológicas, estructurales, térmicas, eléctricas, magnéticas y de blindaje electromagnético. Materiales compuestos de esta clase son empleados en la producción de componentes electrónicos, polímeros con memoria de forma, y fundamentalmente para la producción de atenuadores de radiación electromagnética en aplicaciones de defensa militar pasiva, construcción de edificios, barcos, aviones y otros vehículos de transporte. Los compuestos se fabricaron empleando el método de estado fundido. Los refuerzos de magnetita mineral o sintética, según el caso, fueron adicionados en diferentes proporciones 5, 10, 20, 30 y 40 phr. Se utilizó una prensa vulcanizadora con el fin de curar los compuestos y moldearlos según la geometría requerida. El estudio de las propiedades de los materiales fabricados se llevó a cabo a través de difracción de rayos X (DRX), microscopía electrónica FESEM-FIB, espectroscopía fotoelectrónica de rayos X (XPS), análisis termogravimétrico (TGA), calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC), espectroscopía Raman, resistividad superficial, estudios de magnetización en función de la temperatura y el campo aplicado, así como estudios de blindaje electromagnético. La información obtenida de la caracterización DRX permite establecer la transición estructural amorfo-cristalina que experimentan los compuestos al incrementarse la cantidad de magnetita adicionada en la matriz de caucho nitrilo butadieno. El análisis morfológico llevado a cabo por medio de la microscopía electrónica permite establecer las diferencias de aspecto y forma de los refuerzos. Estas diferencias repercuten en la dispersión de los precursores al interior de la matriz y consecuentemente afectan las propiedades de los compuestos. A través de la espectroscopía Raman se estudió los cambios estructurales en los compuestos debido a las interacciones entre los refuerzos y las cadenas poliméricas de la matriz. Con la técnica XPS se ejecutó el análisis elemental de los precursores y los compuestos, pero sobre todo fue empleada para identificar las posibles interacciones en la interfaz matriz-refuerzo o entre los diferentes elementos que componen los materiales. Dichas interacciones tienen su origen en la reactividad superficial de la magnetita. El análisis térmico de los diferentes materiales compuestos a partir de las técnicas TGA y DSC, permitió identificar como la estabilidad térmica aumenta y la temperatura de transición vítrea de los materiales pasa a menores temperaturas al ser mayores las cantidades de magnetita adicionadas. Las medidas de resistividad eléctrica permitieron observar una reducción en la resistividad superficial de los materiales con 20 phr de magnetita de hasta dos órdenes de magnitud, respecto a los materiales con menor contenido de ferrita. Las propiedades de apantallamiento electromagnético fueron evaluadas en la banda X de frecuencia (8-12 GHz) y banda K (18-27 GHz), observándose atenuaciones superiores a los 34 dB para los compuestos con mayor cantidad de magnetita. Finalmente, las propiedades magnéticas de los compuestos muestran como la magnetización de saturación y de remanecía, al igual que la susceptibilidad y la permeabilidad magnética son dependientes de la cantidad de magnetita adicionada en la matriz. Siendo en todos los casos estas variables superiores en los materiales constituidos por magnetita artificial, debido a su mejor dispersión y homogeneidad al interior de la matriz de caucho.spa
dc.description.abstractThis work describes the production of a composite material made up of from a nitrile butadiene matrix reinforced with particles of synthetic or mineral magnetite in different quantities, in order to evaluate its structural, morphological, thermal, electrical, magnetic and electromagnetic shielding properties. Composite materials of this type are used for electronic components manufacturing, shape memory polymers and especially for the production of electromagnetic shielding materials in passive military defense applications, building construction, ships, airplanes and other vehicles. Composite materials were manufactured following the melt mixing method. Magnetite reinforcements fillers were added in different ratios 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 phr. Composite materials with natural magnetite and synthetic magnetite have been considered separately. After the composites production, a vulcanizing press machine was used in order to cure the samples according to the required geometry. Composites characterization was carried out through X-ray diffraction studies, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, resistivity, magnetization and electromagnetic shielding studies. The results obtained by DRX show an amorphous-crystalline structural transition between the samples with the increase in the magnetite filler added to the butadiene nitrile rubber matrix. The morphological analysis allows to establish the differences in size and shape between both kinds of magnetite fillers (synthetic and mineral). These differences influence its dispersion within the matrix and consequently affect the composite properties. Structural changes in the composites due to the interactions between fillers and the polymeric chains of the matrix were studied through Raman spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS) was used for the elemental analysis of the composites and reagents. Also, with this technique it was possible to the identify the possible interactions in the matrix-reinforcement interface or between the fillers. These interactions were created due to the high surface reactivity of magnetite. The composites thermal analysis was carried out through thermogravimetry studies and differential scanning calorimetry; both techniques allowed to identify how the thermal stability increases and the glass transition temperature moves towards lower temperatures as the magnetite within the matrix increases. The electrical resistivity measurements show a drop in the surface resistivity of the samples of up to three orders of magnitude in the composites reinforced with 20 phr of synthetic magnetite and two orders of magnitude in the composites reinforced with 20 phr of mineral magnetite. The analysis of the magnetic properties of the composites show how the saturation magnetization, remanence magnetization, susceptibility and permeability are directly related with the amount of magnetite within the matrix. The composites reinforced with artificial magnetite has better magnetic properties due to its better dispersion and homogeneity. The electromagnetic shielding properties were evaluated in the X band of frequency (8-12 GHz) and K band (18-27 GHz). It is possible to identify in the composites with the highest amounts of magnetite attenuations greater than 34 dB.spa
dc.description.additionalLínea de Investigación: Nuevos materiales: Materiales Compuestos de Matriz Poliméricaspa
dc.description.degreelevelDoctoradospa
dc.format.extent186spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/78083
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ingeniería - Doctorado en Ingeniería - Ciencia y Tecnología de Materialesspa
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dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.spaAcceso abiertospa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc621 - Física aplicadaspa
dc.subject.ddc629 - Otras ramas de la ingenieríaspa
dc.subject.ddc624 - Ingeniería civilspa
dc.subject.ddc660 - Ingeniería químicaspa
dc.subject.proposalmagnetitaspa
dc.subject.proposalcompositeseng
dc.subject.proposalmagnetiteeng
dc.subject.proposalferritasspa
dc.subject.proposalferriteseng
dc.subject.proposalinterfaz matriz-refuerzospa
dc.subject.proposalcomposite interfaceeng
dc.subject.proposalcompuestosspa
dc.subject.proposalelectromagnetic shieldingeng
dc.subject.proposalblindaje electromagnéticospa
dc.titleProducción y caracterización de un material compuesto a base de partículas de magnetita y matrices de caucho nitrilo butadienospa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctoradospa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06spa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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Doctorado en Ingeniería - Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales