Pruebas rápidas para detectar la colonización por Estreptococo del grupo b en mujeres embarazadas: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

dc.contributor.advisorGaitán Duarte , Hernando
dc.contributor.advisorBurgos Cárdenas, Álvaro
dc.contributor.authorPáez Castellanos, Edgar Augusto
dc.contributor.cvlacPáez Castellanos, Edgar Augusto [0000184285]
dc.contributor.orcidPáez Castellanos, Edgar Augusto [0000000295295272]
dc.contributor.researchgroupEvaluacion de Tecnologias y Politicas en Salud
dc.contributor.subjectmatterexpertRubio Romero, Jorge Andrés
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-15T21:18:02Z
dc.date.available2025-09-15T21:18:02Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionilustraciones a color, diagramasspa
dc.description.abstractEl estreptococo del grupo B (SGB) es una bacteria gram positiva que coloniza con frecuencia el tracto gastrointestinal y genitourinario en adultos sanos; sin embargo, puede progresar a una enfermedad invasiva cuando la respuesta inmunitaria se debilita. En el recién nacido, la enfermedad invasiva por EGB de inicio temprano (ESBT) es causada por transmisión vertical o aspiración del recién nacido durante el parto en una mujer colonizada, se presenta en los primeros siete días después del nacimiento y debuta con sepsis, neumonía o meningitis. La colonización materna por EGB es el factor de riesgo más importante para la ESBT y se recomienda la profilaxis antibiótica intraparto para reducir la transmisión vertical. Las mujeres se identifican mediante tamización basada en cultivo vaginorrectal al final de la gestación; no obstante, en entornos donde se recomiendan estas estrategias, la adherencia baja. Las pruebas rápidas realizadas durante el trabajo de parto y en el ante parto podrían ser útiles en entornos donde se desconoce el estado de colonización o porque el parto comienza antes de que se deba tomar la muestra del cultivo, optimizando el uso de antibióticos en la sala de partos y favoreciendo la prevención del ESBT en el recién nacido. Por lo anterior llevamos a cabo esta revisión con el objetivo de determinar la exactitud diagnóstica de las pruebas rápidas basadas en NAAT (amplificación de ácidos nucleicos) sin previo enriquecimiento para detectar la colonización por estreptococo del grupo b en mujeres embarazadas, respecto al cultivo enriquecido como estándar de referencia. Métodos: realizamos una revisión sistemática de la literatura siguiendo la metodología Cochrane, buscamos en MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, CENTRAL, junto con fuentes de literatura gris y estudios en curso; incluimos estudios de exactitud diagnóstica con reclutamiento prospectivo que evaluarán alguna de las pruebas índice y el estándar de referencia, excluimos estudios de casos y controles, calificamos el riesgo de sesgo usando la herramienta QUADAS-2, meta analizamos los datos usando el modelo bivariado e informamos el punto resumido de la sensibilidad y la especificidad junto con el intervalo de confianza y de predicción de 95%, exploramos fuentes de heterogeneidad, sesgo de reporte y análisis de sensibilidad según la calidad metodológica y los factores de riesgo al ingreso. Por último, calificamos la certeza en la evidencia con base a las recomendaciones GRADE para pruebas diagnósticas. Resultados: incluimos en total 52 estudios (63 brazos) con 24,653 participantes, la mediana de la prevalencia de colonización fue de 21.4% (RIQ 9.3, rango 8.6% a 54.7%). El punto resumido de sensibilidad fue de 91% (IC 95% 88% a 92%) y el punto resumido de la especificidad fue de 96% (IC 95% 95% a 97%); 49 estudios (60 brazos) usaron qPCR, su sensibilidad de 90% (IC 95% 88% a 92%) y especificidad de 96% (IC 95% 95% a 97%), para los test procesados mediante LAMP (tres estudios, tres brazos) obtuvimos una sensibilidad resumida promedio de de 92% (IC 95% 84% a 97%) y especificidad fue de 96% (IC 95% 94% a 98%). La inspección de los diagramas de bosque, los puntos en el espacio ROC y los intervalos de predicción mostraron alta heterogeneidad que no pudimos explicar analizando la condición de ingreso al estudio (P = 0.55), el origen de la muestra (P = 0.43) o el procesamiento en la sala de parto (P= 0.14). No encontramos evidencia de sesgo de publicación usando el test de Deek´s (P = 0.85). Para los test basados en qPCR degradamos la certeza en la evidencia por evidencia indirecta debido a preocupaciones respecto a la aplicabilidad de los test e inconsistencia no explicada, para los test que usaron LAMP disminuimos la certeza por imprecisión al detectar un intervalo de confianza amplio que atraviesa el umbral de juicio y por evidencia indirecta. Conclusiones: con base en los resultados de esta revisión sistemática, baja certeza en la evidencia muestra que las pruebas rápidas basadas en qPCR sin previo enriquecimiento podrían tener una sensibilidad y especificidad aceptable para detectar la colonización por SGB en mujeres embarazadas en trabajo de parto y en el ante parto; respecto a las pruebas basadas en LAMP, muy baja certeza en la evidencia muestra que es incierto si las medidas de exactitud de estos test pueden ser aceptables para detectar la colonización por SGB en mujeres embarazadas. Se requieren estudios aleatorios que analicen el impacto de la aplicación de estas pruebas con el propósito de reemplazo en los desenlaces importantes para las gestantes y los recién nacidos. (Texto matomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractGroup B streptococcus (GBS) is a gram-positive bacterium that frequently colonizes the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts in healthy adults; however, it can progress to invasive disease when the immune response weakens. In the newborn, early-onset invasive GBS is caused by vertical transmission or aspiration of the newborn during labor in a colonized woman. It presents within the first seven days after birth and presents with sepsis, pneumonia, or meningitis. Maternal GBS colonization is the most important risk factor for EONGBS, and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended to reduce vertical transmission. Women are identified through vaginorectal culture-based screening in late pregnancy; however, in settings where these strategies are recommended, adherence is low. Rapid tests performed during labor and antepartum may be useful in settings where colonization status is unknown or because labor begins before the culture sample is due, optimizing antibiotic use in the delivery room and promoting the prevention of ESBT in the newborn. Therefore, we conducted this review to determine the diagnostic accuracy of rapid tests based on nucleic acid amplification without prior enrichment for detecting group B streptococcal colonization in pregnant women, compared to enrichment culture as the reference standard. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature following the Cochrane methodology, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and CENTRAL, along with gray literature sources and ongoing studies. We included prospectively recruited diagnostic accuracy studies that evaluated any of the index tests and the reference standard. We excluded case-control studies. We assessed the risk of bias using the QUADAS-2 tool. We meta-analyzed the data using a bivariate model and reported the summary endpoint for sensitivity and specificity along with the 95% confidence interval and 95% prediction interval. We explored sources of heterogeneity, and reporting bias, and performed sensitivity analyses based on methodological quality and risk factors at entry. Finally, we graded the certainty of the evidence based on the GRADE recommendations for diagnostic tests. Results: We included a total of 52 studies (63 arms) with 24,653 participants. The median prevalence of colonization was 21.4% (IQR 9.3, range 8.6% to 54.7%). The summary sensitivity endpoint was 91% (95% CI 88% to 92%) and the summary specificity endpoint was 96% (95% CI 95% to 97%); 49 studies (60 arms) used qPCR, their sensitivity was 90% (95% CI 88% to 92%) and specificity was 96% (95% CI 95% to 97%), for the tests processed by LAMP (three studies, three arms) we obtained an average summary sensitivity of 92% (95% CI 84% to 97%) and specificity was 96% (95% CI 94% to 98%). Inspection of the forest plots, ROC space points, and prediction intervals showed significant heterogeneity that could not be explained by study entry status (P = 0.55), sample origin (P = 0.43), or delivery room processing (P = 0.14). We found no evidence of publication bias using the Deek's test (P = 0.85). For qPCR-based tests, we downgraded the certainty of the evidence-based on indirect evidence due to concerns about test applicability and unexplained inconsistency. For tests using LAMP, we downgraded the certainty due to imprecision when detecting a wide confidence interval that crossed the judgment threshold and indirect evidence. Conclusions: Based on the results of this systematic review, low certainty of the evidence shows that rapid qPCR-based tests without prior enrichment could have acceptable sensitivity and specificity for detecting GBS colonization in pregnant women in labor and antepartum; regarding LAMP-based tests, the very low certainty of the evidence shows that it is uncertain whether the accuracy measures of these tests can be acceptable for detecting GBS colonization in pregnant women. Randomized studies are needed to analyze the impact of using these tests for replacement purposes on important outcomes for pregnant women and newborns.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Epidemiología Clínica
dc.description.methodsRevisión sistemática y metaanálisis
dc.format.extentxiv, 72 páginas + anexo
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/88780
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicina
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Maestría en Epidemiología Clínica
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc618 - Ginecología, obstetricia, pediatría, geriatríaspa
dc.subject.decsComplicaciones infecciosas del embarazospa
dc.subject.decsPregnancy complications, infectiouseng
dc.subject.decsMetaanálisisspa
dc.subject.decsMeta-Analysiseng
dc.subject.decsTécnicas y procedimientos diagnósticosspa
dc.subject.decsDiagnostic techniques and procedureseng
dc.subject.decsStreptococcus agalactiaespa
dc.subject.decsInfecciones estreptocócicasspa
dc.subject.decsStreptococcal infectionseng
dc.subject.proposalRevisión sistemáticaspa
dc.subject.proposalMetaanálisisspa
dc.subject.proposalPruebas en el punto de atenciónspa
dc.subject.proposalStreptococcus agalactiaeeng
dc.subject.proposalMujer embarazadaspa
dc.subject.proposalPrueba de diagnóstico rápidospa
dc.subject.proposalSystematic revieweng
dc.subject.proposalMeta-analysiseng
dc.subject.proposalPoint-of-care testingeng
dc.subject.proposalRapid diagnostic testseng
dc.subject.proposalPregnant womeneng
dc.titlePruebas rápidas para detectar la colonización por Estreptococo del grupo b en mujeres embarazadas: revisión sistemática y metaanálisisspa
dc.title.translatedRapid tests for detecting group B streptococcus colonisation in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracyeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

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