Mejoramiento de la fertilización fosfatada en la asociación ryegrass y trébol rojo mediante el uso de bacterias solubilizadoras de fosfato
| dc.contributor.advisor | Estrada Bonilla, German Andres | spa |
| dc.contributor.author | Santos Torres, Marilyn Tatiana | spa |
| dc.contributor.corporatename | Corporación Colombiana de investigación agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA | spa |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup | Sistemas agropecuarios sostenibles | spa |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2020-08-03T21:21:56Z | spa |
| dc.date.available | 2020-08-03T21:21:56Z | spa |
| dc.date.issued | 2020-07-29 | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | In Colombia, specialized tropical highland dairy production systems are supported by pastures, which they are located in higher altitudes to 2200 meters above sea level and generate 70% of the national dairy production. The ryegrass (Lolium sp.) associated with red clover (Trifolium pratense) is a strategy used to provide a balanced feed to cattle. However, forage production has been limited due to soil conditions (with greater acidity and low fertility), making phosphoric fertilizers inefficient. The use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) has been an alternative to increase plant growth and yield, as the possibility of substantially reduce the requirement of chemical fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of PSB in reducing the dose of phosphate mineral fertilization in the ryegrass-red clover association of the Department of Nariño. For this, Rhizobium sp. T88 and Herbaspirillum sp. AP21, out of ten PSB, for presenting a significant increase in dry biomass versus no inoculated control in ryegrass (20.31%) and red clover (44.8%) respectively. Both strains were found to have the ability to solubilize phosphoric rock and tricalcium phosphate, to produce gluconic acid and express phosphatase activity in NBRIP (National Botanical Research Institute's phosphate) liquid medium. Only Herbaspirillum sp. AP21, produced siderophores and presented 125% efficiency of phytate mineralization in solid medium. Subsequently, the selected strains were evaluated together with reduced doses of soluble fertilizer, diammonium phosphate (DAP) (75% and 50%) in simple and combined inoculations in association of red ryegass-trebol under greenhouse conditions. The inoculation of Rhizobium sp. T88 with 75% DAP, increased the available P in moderately labile inorganic forms (368,4 mg P kg-1) and higher content of foliar P (2,0 g kg-1), compared to those plants that were not inoculated. On the contrary, Herbaspirillum sp. AP21 provided greater mineralization of organic P, by increasing the available P of moderately labile organic forms of the soil, (coinoculated, 50% DAP: 264,6 mg P kg-1) compared to the other treatments and expressed greater phosphatase activity alkaline in a dose reduced to 50% DAP. Therefore, the use of these strains could be a promising complement to phosphorus fertilization in P-deficient soils, potentially reducing application rates of phosphoric fertilizers in grasslands. | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | En Colombia, los sistemas de producción de lechería especializada de trópico alto se soportan en pasturas, que se encuentran ubicados en zonas de mayor altura a los 2200 msnm y generan el 70% de la producción láctea nacional. El ryegrass (Lolium sp.) asociada con trébol rojo (Trifolium pratense) es una estrategia usada para proveer un alimento balanceado al ganado. Sin embargo, se ha visto limitada la producción de forrajes debido a las condiciones edáficas de los suelos (con mayor acidez y poca fertilidad), haciendo poco eficiente los fertilizantes fosfóricos. El uso de bacterias solubilizadoras de fosfato (BSF) ha sido una alternativa para aumentar el crecimiento y rendimiento en las plantas, como la posibilidad de reducir sustancialmente el requerimiento de fertilizantes químicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto potencial de BSF en la disminución de la dosis de fertilización mineral fosfatada en la asociación ryegrass-trébol rojo. Para ello, se seleccionaron a Rhizobium sp. T88 y Herbaspirillum sp. AP21, de entre diez BSF, por presentar un aumento significativo de biomasa seca frente al control en ryegrass (20,31%) y en trébol rojo, (44,8%) respectivamente. Ambas cepas resultaron tener habilidad de solubilizar roca fosfórica y fosfato tricálcico, producir ácido glucónico y expresar actividad fosfatasa. Solo Herbaspirillum sp. AP21, produjo sideroforos y presentó 125% de eficiencia de mineralización de fitato en medio sólido. Posteriormente, las cepas seleccionadas, fueron evaluadas junto a dosis reducidas del fertilizante soluble, fosfato diamónico (siglas en inglés, DAP) (75% y 50%) en inoculaciones simples y combinadas en asociación de ryegass-trébol rojo bajo condiciones de invernadero. La inoculación de Rhizobium sp. T88 con 75% DAP, incrementó el fósforo (P) disponible en las formas inorgánicas moderamente lábil (368,4 mg P kg-1) y tuvo mayor contenido de P foliar (2,0 g kg-1), comparado con aquellas plantas que no fueron inoculadas. Por el contrario, Herbaspirillum sp. AP21 proporcionó mayor mineralización del P orgánico, al incrementar el P disponible de las formas orgánicas moderadamente lábil del suelo, (coinoculada, 50% DAP: 264,6 mg P kg-1) en comparación con los demás tratamientos y expresó mayor actividad fosfatasa alcalina en dosis reducida al 50% de DAP. Por lo tanto, el uso de estas cepas podría ser un complemento prometedor para la fertilización fosfórica en suelos con deficiencia de P, permitiendo reducir potencialmente las tasas de aplicación de fertilizantes fosfóricos en las praderas. | spa |
| dc.description.additional | Línea de Investigación: Microbiología Agrícola | spa |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | spa |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Corporación Colombiana de Investigación agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA | spa |
| dc.format.extent | 117 | spa |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/77905 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
| dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá | spa |
| dc.publisher.program | Bogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Microbiología | spa |
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| dc.rights | Derechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | spa |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional | spa |
| dc.rights.spa | Acceso abierto | spa |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ | spa |
| dc.subject.ddc | 570 - Biología::579 - Historia natural microorganismos, hongos, algas | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Roca fosfórica | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Phosphate rock | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Fertilization | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Fertilización | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Rhizobium | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Rhizobium | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Herbaspirillum | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Herbaspirillum | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | DAP | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | DAP | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | PGPB | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | PGPB | eng |
| dc.title | Mejoramiento de la fertilización fosfatada en la asociación ryegrass y trébol rojo mediante el uso de bacterias solubilizadoras de fosfato | spa |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | spa |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | spa |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | spa |
| dc.type.content | Text | spa |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | spa |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | spa |
| oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | spa |

