Efecto fisiológico de la absorción de cadmio (Cd2+) sobre accesiones de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

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dc.contributor.advisorRodriguez Medina, Caren Dayana
dc.contributor.authorFernández Paz, Jessica Alejandra
dc.contributor.educationalvalidatorMejía de Tafur, María Sara
dc.contributor.researchgroupMejoramiento genético de cacaospa
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-23T22:13:46Z
dc.date.available2022-03-23T22:13:46Z
dc.date.issued2022-02-23
dc.descriptionIlustraciones, tablas, fotografíasspa
dc.description.abstractEl cadmio es un elemento altamente tóxico y sin función biológica conocida, para la mayoría de los seres vivos. Diversos estudios han demostrado un efecto tóxico del cadmio en el desarrollo fisiológico y crecimiento de las plantas. Un efecto del portainjerto en la acumulación de cadmio en la parte aérea de la planta ha sido observado en combinaciones copa × portainjerto de algunas especies vegetales. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto fisiológico de la absorción de cadmio sobre dos de los portainjertos de cacao más comúnmente sembrados en Colombia: IMC67 y PA121, y sobre combinaciones copa × portainjerto, utilizando como copa, dos de los cultivares más comunes en el país: ICS95 y CCN51. El estudio fue realizado bajo condiciones de vivero en el Centro de Investigación de Agrosavia en la ciudad de Palmira (Valle del Cauca, Colombia). Parámetros fisiológicos y de crecimiento fueron evaluados en portainjertos cinco meses después de su establecimiento en sustrato conteniendo suelo enriquecido con cadmio, posteriormente, ramas porta yemas de ICS95 y CCN51 fueron injertadas en los portainjertos. Las combinaciones copa × portainjerto fueron evaluadas dos y cuatro meses después de la injertación, utilizando los mismos parámetros fisiológicos y de crecimiento empleados para la evaluación de los portainjertos. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante un modelo lineal mixto (MLM). Los resultados mostraron mayor acumulación de Cd en tejido foliar, además de un efecto del cadmio en la longitud y peso de raíces, área foliar, rendimiento cuántico del fotosistema II medido por la fluorescencia de la clorofila, disminución de fotosíntesis neta y uso eficiente del agua, afectación en la concentración foliar de elementos nutricionales como N, K, Mn, Zn, Cu y B, contenido de pigmentos fotosintéticos, pérdida de electrolitos y concentración de proteína total soluble en hojas. En conclusión, el cadmio redujo significativamente el crecimiento de hojas y raíces, afecto la tasa de fotosíntesis y el uso eficiente del agua en los portainjertos y la fluorescencia de la clorofila en las combinaciones copa x portainjerto, altero la toma de elementos nutriciones esenciales para el normal desarrollo de la planta, disminuyó las concentraciones de proteína total soluble y aumento la perdida de electrolitos. La mayor acumulación del metal pesado fue en parte aérea, tanto en los portainjertos como en las combinaciones copa × portainjerto generando un efecto nocivo sobre parámetros fisiológicos y de crecimiento. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractCadmium is a highly toxic element with no known biological function for most living beings. Various studies have shown a toxic effect of cadmium on the physiological development and growth of plants. An effect of the rootstock on the accumulation of cadmium in the aerial part of the plant has been observed in scion × rootstock combinations of some plant species. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physiological effect of cadmium absorption on two of the most commonly planted cocoa rootstocks in Colombia: IMC67 and PA121, and on scion × rootstock combinations, using two of the most common cultivars as scion in the country: ICS95 and CCN51. The study was carried out under greenhouse conditions at the Agrosavia Research Center in the city of Palmira (Valle del Cauca, Colombia). Physiological and growth parameters were evaluated on rootstocks five months after their establishment in substrate containing cadmium-enriched soil, later, ICS95 and CCN51 bud-bearing branches were grafted onto the rootstocks. The scion × rootstock combinations were evaluated two and four months after grafting, using the same physiological and growth parameters used for the evaluation of the rootstocks. Data analysis was performed using a linear mixed model (MLM). The results showed a greater accumulation of Cd in leaf tissue, in addition to an effect of cadmium on the length and weight of roots, leaf area, quantum efficiency of photosystem II measured by chlorophyll fluorescence, decrease in net photosynthesis and efficient use of water, affectation in the foliar concentration of nutritional elements such as N, K, Mn, Zn, Cu and B, content of photosynthetic pigments, loss of electrolytes and concentration of total soluble protein in leaves. In conclusion, cadmium significantly reduced the growth of leaves and roots, affected the rate of photosynthesis and the efficient use of water in the rootstocks and the fluorescence of chlorophyll in the scion x rootstock combinations, altering the uptake of essential nutritional elements for the normal development of the plant, decreased the concentrations of total soluble protein and increased the loss of electrolytes. The greatest accumulation of heavy metal was partly aerial, both in the rootstocks and in the scion × rootstock combinations, generating a harmful effect on physiological and growth parameterseng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias Agrariasspa
dc.description.methodsEn el banco de germoplasma de cacao, del C.I Palmira, se colectaron frutos obtenidos de polinización abierta de IMC67 y PA121, materiales genéticos avalados por el Consejo Nacional Cacaotero para ser utilizados como portainjertos en el país. Además de los frutos obtenidos de libre polinización, se llevaron a cabo cruzamientos dirigidos entre IMC67 y PA121 siguiendo la metodología descrita por Royaert et al. (2011). Los botones florales de árboles escogidos como parentales fueron cubiertos con tubos plásticos transparentes, conteniendo plastilina en el extremo adherido al árbol mientras que el otro extremo fue sellado con muselina para evitar la entrada de insectos. Las flores seleccionadas como madre o receptoras se identificaron por su aspecto abultado indicando que estaban próximas a abrir. Al día siguiente, entre las 7 y 10 de la mañana, se procedió a emascular las flores del genotipo materno para lo cual se retiraron los estambres de la flor seleccionada como receptora, además de dos o tres estaminodios para facilitar el acceso al estilo. La preparación de la flor seleccionada como donadora o padre consistió en la remoción de los pétalos dejando de este modo libre los estambres con sus anteras. La coloración blanca del polen, indicativo de su viabilidad, fue confirmada antes de la polinización. Finalmente, se procedió a frotar las anteras sobre el estigma y se cubrió nuevamente la flor receptora o madre. Las flores polinizadas se marcaron con láminas plásticas indicando la fecha de polinización y el cruzamiento dirigido. También fueron evaluadas progenies de los mismos genotipos obtenidas a partir de polinización libre. Una vez obtenidos los frutos, tanto de cruzamientos dirigidos como de libre polinización (LP), las almendras se extrajeron de las mazorcas, se eliminó el mucilago con arena y se sembraron en bolsas de polietileno de 20 cm de diámetro x 30 cm de alto, conteniendo arena lavada de rio donde permanecieron por dos meses.spa
dc.description.researchareaFisiología de cultivosspa
dc.format.extentxv, 65 páginas + anexosspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81345
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Palmiraspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Nivel Nacionalspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Agropecuariasspa
dc.publisher.placePalmiraspa
dc.publisher.programPalmira - Ciencias Agropecuarias - Maestría en Ciencias Agrariasspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.agrovocAbsorción
dc.subject.agrovocCadmio
dc.subject.agrovocCrecimiento de planta
dc.subject.agrovocplant growth
dc.subject.armarcTheobroma cacao
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadasspa
dc.subject.proposalTheobroma cacaoeng
dc.subject.proposalMetal pesadospa
dc.subject.proposalParámetros fisiológicosspa
dc.subject.proposalCrecimientospa
dc.subject.proposalheavy metaleng
dc.subject.proposalphysiological parameterseng
dc.subject.proposalgrowtheng
dc.titleEfecto fisiológico de la absorción de cadmio (Cd2+) sobre accesiones de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)spa
dc.title.translatedPhysiological effect of cadmium (Cd2+) absorption on cocoa accessions (Theobroma cacao L.)eng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestrosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
oaire.awardtitlePatrones cacaospa
oaire.fundernameCorporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Agrosaviaspa

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