Comparación de desenlaces clínicos en pacientes operados con apendicitis aguda perforada por abordaje laparoscópico: monopuerto vs. técnica convencional

dc.contributor.advisorMolina Ramírez, Iván Daríospa
dc.contributor.advisorValero Halaby, Juan Javierspa
dc.contributor.advisorSAAVEDRA MARTINEZ, GINNA PAOLAspa
dc.contributor.authorMontero Aguilar, Camilaspa
dc.date.accessioned2021-02-15T13:45:40Zspa
dc.date.available2021-02-15T13:45:40Zspa
dc.date.issued2021-02-12spa
dc.description.abstractAcute appendicitis (AA) is one of the more frequent entities that requires surgical treatment on the pediatric population, and represents 20 – 30% approximately of the consults on the emergencies services (2). Anteriorly, the open technique was considered the gold standard for the treatment of AA, described by Battle (5) and posteriorly by McBurney in 1894 (3). With the technical advances related with the beginning of the Minimal Invasive Surgery’s era, the laparoscopic techniques descriptions were made: Conventional Laparoscopic (CL) technique and Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS), for the AA surgical management. There are very few studies about perforated AA surgical treatment in the pediatric population, comparing CL and SILS techniques, associated with postoperative events, for that reason the design and development of this work were made. Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with perforated AA, that were operated with laparoscopic techniques by pediatric surgery service, on the Fundación Hospital La Misericordia (Bogotá, Colombia), between the 2016 and 2019. We collect the data related to demographics, clinic, surgical findings and postoperative events, with the objective of identifying the possible associations of complications with the surgical techniques (CL and SILS). Results: 1498 patients were enrolled, 81.8% received surgery with SILS technique. The mean age was 10 years, the masculine genre was the more frequent (56.8%), 10% of the patients had overweight and 5.2% were on ranges of obesity. The mean time of evolution was 2 days, 36.2% of the patients had diarrhea when arrived to the emergency department and 15.5% of the patients had intraoperative finding of free fecalith on the abdominal cavity. These three variables were identified as risk factors for postoperative complications related to operative site infection in our analysis (OR: 1.16, p: 0.00 CI: 1.09 – 1.23, OR: 1.33, p: 0.024 CI: 1.04-1.71 and OR: 1.97 p: 0.000 CI: 1.46 – 2-67, respectively). There were no other associations between postoperative complications and clinical, surgical or comorbidities data. The global incidence of postoperative complications was 32.4%, 2.5% of the patients developed superficial operative site infection (S-OSI), being more frequent on the SILS group (2.3%). Additionally, 14.5% had deep operative site infection (intraabdominal abscess), and being more frequently on the SILS group (11.9%), and with the same distribution we found the incidence of reintervention due postoperative intestinal obstruction (IO) (global incidence 4.34%, SILS: 4.9%). The proportion of reintervention due postoperative IO between the groups had a significant statistical difference (p: <0.013) being higher on the SILS group, however, there were not any significant statistical differences between the techniques and the increased risk of postoperative reintervention in comparison with the other variables in the multivariable analysis. By the other side, we could find that existed and increased risk of postoperative reintervention due IO with the increase of the mean time of evolution (>2 days) (OR: 1.13, p: 0.023 CI: 1.02 – 1.26), and the intraoperative finding of free fecalith on the abdominal cavity (OR: 2.34, p: 0.020 CI: 1.15 – 4.8) Conclusions. The laparoscopic techniques for the management of perforated AA (SILS and CL) are effective, reproducible and safe in the pediatric population, and there is not any evidence that supports the superiority between them, related with postoperative complications. Our findings regarding postoperative events are similar to previous studies. We found risk factors associated with the increased probability of reintervention due IO in patients with longer time of evolution than the media (>2 days) and the intraoperative finding of free fecalith in the abdominal cavity, independent of the technique used.spa
dc.description.abstractLa Apendicitis Aguda (AA) en una de las entidades con mayor frecuencia de requerimiento de manejo quirúrgico en la población pediátrica, y representa aproximadamente del 20% al 30% de causa de ingresos en los servicios de urgencias (2). Anteriormente, se consideró la técnica quirúrgica abierta como el estándar de oro para el manejo de AA, la cual fue inicialmente descrita por Battle (5) y posteriormente por McBurney en 1894 (3). Con los avances técnicos relacionados al inicio de la era de la Cirugía Mínimamente Invasiva, se realizaron las descripciones de las técnicas Laparoscópica Convencional (LC) y Laparoscópica por Único Puerto (SILS, por sus siglas en inglés), para el manejo quirúrgico de la AA. En la población pediátrica son pocos los estudios referentes a AA perforada que comparen las técnicas LC y SILS, asociado a sus desenlaces postquirúrgicos, razón por la cual se diseñó y llevó a cabo el presente trabajo. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en pacientes con AA perforada, operados en la Fundación Hospital La Misericordia bajo técnica laparoscópica, entre los años 2016 y 2019, por el servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Se recopilaron datos demográficos, clínicos, quirúrgicos y postoperatorios con el fin de identificar las posibles asociaciones de complicaciones en relación a la técnica LC y la técnica SILS. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 1498 pacientes con AA perforada, de los cuales el 81.8% recibió manejo con técnica SILS. Se obtuvo una edad promedio de 10 años, el género masculino fue el más frecuente (56.8%), el 10% de los pacientes presentaban sobrepeso y el 5.2% tenían IMC en rangos de obesidad. El tiempo medio de evolución fue de 2 días, el 36.2% de los pacientes presentaron diarrea al ingreso y el 15.5% de los pacientes presentaron hallazgo intraoperatorio de fecalito libre en cavidad, siendo estas tres variables factores de riesgo para el desenlace de complicaciones infecciosas postquirúrgicas asociadas (OR: 1.16, p: 0.00 IC: 1.09 – 1.23, OR: 1.33 p: 0.024 IC: 1.04-1.71 y OR: 1.97 p: 0.000 IC: 1.46 – 2.67 respectivamente). No se evidenciaron asociaciones en relación a los antecedentes quirúrgicos o patológicos y el desenlace de complicaciones. La incidencia global de complicaciones fue del 32.4%, de los cuales el 2.5% de los pacientes presentaron infección de sitio operatorio superficial (ISO-S), siendo más frecuente en el grupo de los pacientes con manejo con técnica SILS (2.3%). Adicionalmente, el 14.5% de los pacientes presentaron infección del sitio operatorio órgano espacio (ISO-OE), con mayor frecuencia en los pacientes manejados con técnica SILS (11.9%), y en igual distribución, se presentó una incidencia de obstrucción intestinal (OI) postoperatoria, con requerimiento de reintervención (4.34% SILS 4.9%). Se encontró una menor incidencia de reintervención para OI en pacientes con técnica convencional, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p: <0.013), sin embargo, no se evidenciaron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la técnica SILS y el aumento de riesgo de reintervención en comparación con las demás variables del estudio. Por otro lado, se evidenció un aumento en el riesgo de reintervención por OI-POP con el aumento de tiempo de evolución media de los pacientes (>2 días) (OR: 1.13, p: 0.023, IC: 1.02 – 1.26) y el hallazgo intraoperatorio de fecalito libre en cavidad (OR: 2.34, p: 0.020, IC: 1.15 – 4.8). Conclusiones: Las técnicas LC y SILS son efectivas, reproducibles y seguras en el manejo de los pacientes con AA perforada, sin que se evidencie la superioridad entre una técnica y otra en relación a las complicaciones posoperatorias. Nuestros hallazgos relacionados con los desenlaces postoperatorios, son semejantes a los publicados en la literatura médica. Se identificaron factores de riesgo que aumentan la probabilidad de reintervención por OI-POP en pacientes con aumento del tiempo de evolución media de los pacientes (>2 días) y el hallazgo intraoperatorio de fecalito libre en cavidad independiente de la técnica quirúrgica empleada en la primera intervención.spa
dc.description.degreelevelEspecialidades Médicasspa
dc.format.extent62spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.citationMontero Aguilar, C. (2021). Comparación de desenlaces clínicos en pacientes operados con apendicitis aguda perforada por abordaje laparoscópico: monopuerto vs. técnica convencional [Tesis de especialidad, Universidad Nacional de Colombia]. Repositorio Institucional.spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79234
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Especialidad en Cirugía Pediátricaspa
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dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.spaAcceso abiertospa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc617 - Cirugía, medicina regional, odontología, oftalmología, otología, audiologíaspa
dc.subject.proposalLaparoscopic appendectomyeng
dc.subject.proposalApendicectomía laparoscópicaspa
dc.subject.proposalPerforated acute appendicitiseng
dc.subject.proposalSILSspa
dc.subject.proposalPediatric appendicitiseng
dc.subject.proposalApendicitis pediátricaspa
dc.subject.proposalApendicitis perforadaspa
dc.subject.proposalPostoperative complicationseng
dc.subject.proposalComplicaciones postoperatoriasspa
dc.titleComparación de desenlaces clínicos en pacientes operados con apendicitis aguda perforada por abordaje laparoscópico: monopuerto vs. técnica convencionalspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Especialidad Médicaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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