The role of observation on selection and rejection control by some discriminative compounds

dc.contributor.advisorClavijo Álvarez, Álvaro Arturo
dc.contributor.authorLedesma Castro, Pablo Andrés
dc.contributor.researchgroupAprendizaje y Comportamiento Animalspa
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-25T16:28:17Z
dc.date.available2022-08-25T16:28:17Z
dc.date.issued2021-09-06
dc.descriptionilustraciones, graficasspa
dc.description.abstractStudies with rats and pigeons have found control by some components of S+ visual compounds. Varying measures can reveal control by other S+ components, and even by S- components via rejection. Studies with humans have replicated these results, suggesting observation as a measure of stimulus control. A within-individual design of concurrent fixed-ratio schedules examined how direct observation correlates to selection or rejection control in 15 adult humans. During acquisition, nine participants were reinforced for choosing a red circle or a triangle, and punished for choosing a green circle or a square. The second phase reversed the contingency. Following each training, 5 participants were asked to choose between the components presented individually in multiple combinations. For the other 4 participants, 4 tests were included that opposed each component with a novel stimulus. A variation with 3 participants substituted green for blue and red for yellow, randomized the components' topographical presentation, and included tests with novel stimuli. A final variation with 3 participants replaced the shapes and colors with multidirectional straight lines. Two categories of learners emerged in acquisition. The "fast learners" focused on colors, with observing durations under 10 seconds in acquisition. Tests revealed weak control by colors, or no control at all. The "explorers" observed the components proportionally and over 10 seconds each in acquisition. Tests revealed control by both S+ components via selection, and by both S- components via rejection. Compound patterns hindered acquisition, but not reversion.eng
dc.description.abstractEstudios con ratas y palomas han hallado control por algunos componentes de estímulos visuales compuestos S+. Medidas variadas pueden revelar control por otros componentes S+, e incluso por componentes S- vía rechazo. Estudios con humanos han replicado estos resultados, sugiriendo la observación como una medida del control de estímulos. Un diseño intra-sujeto con programas concurrentes de razón fija examinó cómo la observación directa se correlaciona con el control por selección o rechazo en 15 adultos humanos. Durante la adquisición, nueve sujetos fueron reforzados por responder ante un círculo rojo o un triángulo, y castigados por elegir un círculo verde o un cuadrado. La segunda fase revirtió la contingencia. Luego de cada entrenamiento, 5 sujetos debían elegir entre los componentes presentados individualmente en múltiples combinaciones. Para los otros 4 sujetos, se incluyeron 4 pruebas que contraponen cada componente con un estímulo novedoso. Una variación con 3 sujetos cambió el verde por azul y el rojo por amarillo, aleatorizó la topografía de la presentación de los componentes e incluyó las pruebas con estímulos novedosos. Una última variación con 3 sujetos cambió las formas y colores por líneas rectas multidireccionales. Emergieron dos clases de respondientes en la adquisición. Los “aprendices veloces” se enfocaron en los colores, con duraciones de observación inferiores a 10 segundos en la adquisición. Las pruebas revelaron control débil de los colores, o ausencia de control. Los “exploradores” observaron los componentes proporcionalmente y por encima de 10 segundos cada uno en la adquisición. Las pruebas revelaron control por ambos componentes S+ vía selección, y por ambos componentes S- vía rechazo. Los patrones compuestos dificultaron la adquisición, pero no la reversión. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Psicologíaspa
dc.description.methodsHumanos adultos fueron expuestos a cuatro condiciones experimentales intra-sujeto que presentaron tareas de discriminación condicional.spa
dc.description.researchareaDecisión y elecciónspa
dc.format.extent64 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82104
dc.language.isoengspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.departmentDepartamento de Psicologíaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Humanasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias Humanas - Maestría en Psicologíaspa
dc.relation.indexedRedColspa
dc.relation.indexedLaReferenciaspa
dc.relation.referencesBlough, D. (1966). The study of animal sensory processes by operant methods. In W. K. Honig. Operant Behavior: Areas of Research and Application (345-379). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.spa
dc.relation.referencesBaum, W. M. (2005). Understanding behaviorism: Behavior, culture, and evolution (2nd ed.). Blackwell Publishing.spa
dc.relation.referencesCarter, D. E., & Werner, T. J. (1978). Complex learning and information processing by pigeons: a critical analysis. Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 29(3), 565–601. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-565.spa
dc.relation.referencesCatania, A. C. (2013). Learning (5th ed.) Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY: Sloan Publishing.spa
dc.relation.referencesCarrigan, P. F., & Sidman, M. (1992). Conditional discrimination and equivalence relations: A theoretical analysis of control by negative stimuli. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 58, 183–204. doi:10.1901/jeab.1992.58-183.spa
dc.relation.referencesDinsmoor, J. A. (1985). The role of observing and attention in establishing stimulus control. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 43(3), 365–381. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1985.43-365.spa
dc.relation.referencesFarthing, G. W., & Hearst, E. (1970). Attention in the pigeon: Testing with compounds or elements. Learning and Motivation, 1(1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0023-9690(70)90129-3.spa
dc.relation.referencesHirai, M., Okouchi, H., Matsumoto, A., & Lattal, K. A. (2011). Some determinants of remote behavioral history effects in humans. Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 96(3), 387–415. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2011.96-387.spa
dc.relation.referencesJohnson, C., & Sidman, M. (1993). Conditional discrimination and equivalence relations: control by negative stimuli. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 59, 333–347.spa
dc.relation.referencesKendall, S. B., & Mills, W. A. (1979). Attention in the pigeon: testing for excitatory and inhibitory control by the weak elements. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 31, 421–431.spa
dc.relation.referencesMagnusson, A. (2002). Topography of eye movements under select and reject control. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Northeastern University, Boston.spa
dc.relation.referencesMcIlvane, W. J. (2013). Simple and complex discrimination learning. In G. J. Madden, W. V. Dube, T. D. Hackenberg, G. P. Hanley, & K. A. Lattal (Eds.), APA handbook of behavior analysis, Vol. 2. Translating principles into practice (pp. 129–163). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/13938-006.spa
dc.relation.referencesPerez, W. F., Endemann, P., Pessôa, C. V., Tomanari, G Y. (2015). Assessing stimulus control in a discrimination task with compound stimuli: Evaluating testing procedures and tracking eye fixations. The Psychological Record, 65(1): 83-88 doi:10.1007/s40732-014-0092-1.spa
dc.relation.referencesPerez, W. F., Tomanari, G. Y., & Vaidya, M. (2015). Effects of select and reject control on equivalence class formation and transfer of function. Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 104(2), 146–166. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.164.spa
dc.relation.referencesPerez, W., & Tomanari, G. (2020) Efeitos dos Controles por Seleção e por Rejeição sobre os Movimentos dos Olhos. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 10.1590/0102.3772e36233, 36.spa
dc.relation.referencesReynolds, G. S. (1961). Attention in the pigeon. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 4, 203- 208.spa
dc.relation.referencesSkinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Macmillan.spa
dc.relation.referencesSkinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms: an experimental analysis. Appleton-Century.spa
dc.relation.referencesSpence, K. W. (1956). Behavior theory and conditioning. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.1037/10029-000.spa
dc.relation.referencesTerrace, H. S. (1966). Stimulus control. In W. K. Honig (Ed.), Operant behavior: Areas of research and application, New York: AppletonCentury-Crofts, 271-344.spa
dc.relation.referencesWyckoff, L. B. (1969). The role of observing responses in discrimination learning: Part II. In: Hendry D. P. (Ed.). Conditioned reinforcement. Homewood, IL: Dorsey.spa
dc.relation.referencesWyckoff, L. B. (1952). The role of observing responses in discrimination learning: Part I. Psychological Review. 59, 431–442.spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseReconocimiento 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc150 - Psicologíaspa
dc.subject.lembOBSERVACION (PSICOLOGIA)spa
dc.subject.lembObservation (psychology)eng
dc.subject.proposalCompound stimuluseng
dc.subject.proposalEye movementseng
dc.subject.proposalStimulus controleng
dc.subject.proposalSelection controleng
dc.subject.proposalRejection controleng
dc.subject.proposalHumanseng
dc.subject.proposalEstímulos compuestosspa
dc.subject.proposalMovimientos ocularesspa
dc.subject.proposalControl de estímulosspa
dc.subject.proposalControl por selecciónspa
dc.subject.proposalControl por rechazospa
dc.subject.proposalHumanosspa
dc.titleThe role of observation on selection and rejection control by some discriminative compoundseng
dc.title.translatedEl papel de la observación en el control por selección y rechazo de compuestos discriminativosspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

Archivos

Bloque original

Mostrando 1 - 1 de 1
Cargando...
Miniatura
Nombre:
The Role of Observation on Selection and Rejection Control by Discriminative Compounds.pdf
Tamaño:
3.44 MB
Formato:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Descripción:
Tesis de Maestría en Psicología

Bloque de licencias

Mostrando 1 - 1 de 1
Cargando...
Miniatura
Nombre:
license.txt
Tamaño:
1.71 KB
Formato:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Descripción: