Factores asociados al vínculo afectivo en una unidad de recién nacidos de puertas abiertas
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Jiménez Luna, Alexandra
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El vínculo afectivo en las díadas madre e hijo es un lazo repleto de sentimientos y emociones que se forman desde la concepción, hasta su desarrollo en el periodo posnatal en adelante. Por tal motivo, es precisamente allí en donde dicha interacción cobra aún más importancia ya que en esta etapa se intensifican los lazos de afectividad y procesos neurofisiológicos decisivos que se ven alterados ante una hospitalización en las URN. En consecuencia, el objetivo de este estudio fue establecer los factores que se asocian al vínculo afectivo de las diadas madres – hijos neonatos a término hospitalizados, en una unidad de recién nacidos de puertas abiertas. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, de corte transversal. La muestra es tipo no probabilística, se compone de 128 diadas de madres e hijos neonatos a término hospitalizados en una URN de puertas abiertas. El vínculo afectivo se medió por medio del instrumento “Vínculo entre padres e hijos neonatos”. Se efectuó un análisis descriptivo y exploratorio para cada variable. Se realizó un modelo de regresión logístico con el fin de explicar cómo se modifica la variable dependiente en relación con la variable de exposición “consumo exclusivo de leche materna en la URN”. Resultados: Se concluye que aquellos neonatos que no recibieron leche materna de forma exclusiva en la URN tienen 1.82 veces más riesgo de no tener un vínculo afectivo alto en comparación con los que si recibieron leche materna exclusiva en la unidad. Y cuando la variable de exposición es controlada por el nivel educativo se evidencia un riesgo relativo en el que se concluye que las madres con niveles educativos bajos categorizados entre primaria y secundaria tienen un riesgo de 2.40 veces de tener un vínculo afectivo menor de 120, con un valor de p estadísticamente significativo (0.032) y un IC del 95% en comparación con las madres universitarias o profesionales.
The emotional bond in the mother and child dyads is a bond full of feelings and emotions that are formed from conception, to its development in the postnatal period onwards. For this reason, it is precisely there that this interaction becomes even more important since at this stage the bonds of affectivity and decisive neurophysiological processes that are altered before a hospitalization in the URN are intensified. Consequently, the objective of this study was to establish the factors that are associated with the affective bond of the mother dyads - hospitalized term infants, in an open-door newborn unit. Method A quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample is a non-probabilistic type, consisting of 128 dyads of mothers and term neonatal children hospitalized in an open-door URN. The emotional bond was measured by means of the instrument "Bond between parents and newborn children". A descriptive and exploratory analysis was carried out for each variable. A logistic regression model was performed in order to explain how the dependent variable is modified in relation to the exposure variable "exclusive consumption of breast milk in the URN". Results: It is concluded that in those infants who did not receive breast milk exclusively in the URN, they have a 1.82 times risk of not having a high emotional bond compared to those who did receive exclusive breast milk in the unit. And when the exposure variable is controlled by the educational level, a relative risk is evidenced in which it is concluded that mothers with low educational levels categorized between primary and secondary have a risk of 2.40 times of having an affective bond of less than 120, with a statistically significant p value (0.032) and a 95% CI compared to university or professional mothers.
The emotional bond in the mother and child dyads is a bond full of feelings and emotions that are formed from conception, to its development in the postnatal period onwards. For this reason, it is precisely there that this interaction becomes even more important since at this stage the bonds of affectivity and decisive neurophysiological processes that are altered before a hospitalization in the URN are intensified. Consequently, the objective of this study was to establish the factors that are associated with the affective bond of the mother dyads - hospitalized term infants, in an open-door newborn unit. Method A quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample is a non-probabilistic type, consisting of 128 dyads of mothers and term neonatal children hospitalized in an open-door URN. The emotional bond was measured by means of the instrument "Bond between parents and newborn children". A descriptive and exploratory analysis was carried out for each variable. A logistic regression model was performed in order to explain how the dependent variable is modified in relation to the exposure variable "exclusive consumption of breast milk in the URN". Results: It is concluded that in those infants who did not receive breast milk exclusively in the URN, they have a 1.82 times risk of not having a high emotional bond compared to those who did receive exclusive breast milk in the unit. And when the exposure variable is controlled by the educational level, a relative risk is evidenced in which it is concluded that mothers with low educational levels categorized between primary and secondary have a risk of 2.40 times of having an affective bond of less than 120, with a statistically significant p value (0.032) and a 95% CI compared to university or professional mothers.