Búsqueda de moléculas de origen natural con acción multidiana sobre enzimas pancreáticas digestivas: α-Glucosidasa, α-Amilasa y Lipasa pancreática

dc.contributor.advisorPatiño Ladino, Oscar Javier
dc.contributor.advisorPrieto Rodríguez, Juliet Angélica
dc.contributor.authorLozada Diaz, Yohum Steven
dc.contributor.researchgroupQuímica de Productos Naturales Vegetales Bioactivos (QuiProNaB)spa
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Investigación Fitoquímica Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ)spa
dc.coverage.countryColombiaspa
dc.coverage.regionPacífico (Región)spa
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-24T21:04:29Z
dc.date.available2024-01-24T21:04:29Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, figuras, fotografíasspa
dc.description.abstractLa obesidad (OB) y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) son enfermedades sistémicas y crónicas que han alcanzado proporciones epidémicas a nivel mundial y constituyen un grave problema de salud pública, pues se encuentran entre las mayores causas de mortalidad y morbilidad. Estas dos patologías tienen estrecha relación a tal punto que el término "diabesidad" se ha empezado a utilizar para poner de manifiesto su interdependencia. Un enfoque que ha tomado relevancia para el control de la OB y DM2 involucra la inhibición de enzimas relacionadas con el metabolismo de carbohidratos y lípidos, como lipasa pancreática (LP), α-glucosidasa (AG) y α-amilasa (AA). En este sentido, la especie Neurolaena lobata (L.) R.Br. ex Cas, ampliamente empleada en diferentes partes del mundo para el tratamiento de OB y DM2, siendo una especie interesante para la búsqueda de inhibidores de AG, AA y LP. La presente investigación contribuye a la búsqueda de moléculas con potencial inhibitorio multidiana frente a LP, AA y AG a partir del estudio a partir de sustancias de origen natural. La metodología incluyó el estudio fitoquímico biodirigido del extracto hidroalcohólico de hojas de N. lobata para aislar e identificar los compuestos con potencial inhibidor sobre las enzimas diana de interés y determinar su efecto citotóxico sobre dos líneas celulares: BHK-21 y MRC-5. Adicionalmente, se realizó una caracterización química y biológica de las preparaciones tradicionales más empleadas de N. lobata en el pacífico colombiano para determinar si dichos extractos tienen la capacidad de inhibir las enzimas de interés y contienen los metabolitos bioactivos identificados. Finalmente, se determinaron los mecanismos de inhibición enzimática sobre LP, AA y AG de los compuestos bioactivos provenientes de N. lobata y algunos compuestos relacionados para establecer algunas relaciones preliminares de estructura-actividad. El estudio químico biodirigido permitió determinar que en las fracciones de AcOMe e iPrOH se concentra la actividad inhibitoria sobre las enzimas digestivas. A partir de estas fracciones se logró el aislamiento e identificación de dos sesquiterpenlactonas (neurolenina B C1 y lobatina A C2), dos derivados de ácido benzoico (ácido p-hidroxibenzoico C3 y ácido 3,4-dihidroxibenzoico C4) y dos flavonoides (5,6,4´-tetrahidroxi-3,7- dimetoxiflavonol C5 y 5,6,3´,4´-tetrahidroxi-3,7-dimetoxiflavonol C6). Los compuestos C1, C2, C5 y C6 demostraron ser inhibidores de LP y AG, con valores de CI50 entre 615 y 134 µM sobre LP y entre 639 y 170 μM sobre AG. Los compuestos C1 a C6 mostraron una actividad inhibidora débil sobre la enzima AA, con porcentajes de inhibición inferiores al 15%. Los estudios de citotoxicidad del extracto, las fracciones y compuestos bioactivos mostraron que el extracto HA y las fracciones de AcOMe e iPrOH presentaron una toxicidad moderada (viabilidad celular > 50%) con todas las concentraciones evaluadas sobre la línea celular MRC-5, mientras que sobre la línea BHK-21 el extracto también fue moderadamente tóxico y las fracciones fueron altamente tóxicas a la máxima concentración causando una mortalidad celular superior al 70%. Los compuestos C5 y C6 fueron altamente tóxicos sobre la línea celular BHK-21 causando mortalidades superiores al 62% con todas las concentraciones evaluadas, mientras que sobre la línea celular MRC-5 la toxicidad fue entre baja y moderada, siendo el compuesto C6 el menos tóxico sobre esta línea celular. Los resultados de la caracterización química y biológica de las preparaciones tradicionales (PT) de N. lobata mostraron que el extracto hidroalcohólico obtenido presentó un mejor perfil de actividad inhibitoria sobre las tres enzimas de interés comparado con las PT, sin embargo, se encontró que las PT obtenidas a partir hojas frescas fueron las únicas que inhibieron las tres enzimas de interés. Respecto a la presencia de los compuestos bioactivos en las PT, se encontró que el compuesto C1 está presente en todas las PT, tanto de hojas frescas como de hojas secas, mientras que los compuestos C5 y C6 solo pudieron ser detectados en las PT provenientes de hojas secas. Los resultados de los estudios de actividad enzimática de los compuestos bioactivos y compuestos relacionados indican que para que los compuestos de tipo sesquiterpenlactona estudiados inhiban la actividad catalítica de las enzimas AG y LP se requiere la presencia de grupos éster en las posiciones 9 y 8 del anillo lactónico, además estas sustancias se comportaron como inhibidores competitivos sobre las dos enzimas. En el caso de los flavonoides se encuentra que los compuestos de tipo flavanona no son capaces de inhibir ninguna de las enzimas, haciéndose evidente la importancia de la insaturación entre los carbonos 2 y 3 del núcleo flavonoide para ejercer efectos inhibitorios cobre las tres enzimas de interés. La mayoría de los flavonoides inhibidores de las enzimas se comportaron como inhibidores de tipo competitivo o mixto sobre AA, AG y/o LP. De los compuestos estudiados, solo C18 y C19 lograron inhibir la actividad catalítica de las tres enzimas digestivas, mientras que los compuestos C1, C2, C5 y C6 solo lograron inhibir AG y LP. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractObesity (OB) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are systemic and chronic diseases that have reached epidemic proportions globally and constitute a serious public health problem, as they are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. These two pathologies are closely related to the extent that the term "diabesity" has started to be used to highlight their interdependence. An approach that has gained relevance for the control of OB and T2DM involves the inhibition of enzymes related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, such as pancreatic lipase (PL), α-glucosidase (AG), and α-amylase (AA). In this regard, the species Neurolaena lobata (L.) R.Br. ex Cas, widely used in different parts of the world for the treatment of OB and T2DM, is an interesting species for the search for inhibitors of AG, AA, and PL. This research contributes to the search for molecules with potential multi-target inhibitory activity against PL, AA, and AG by studying substances of natural origin. The methodology included the bio-guided phytochemical study of the hydroalcoholic extract of N. lobata leaves to isolate and identify compounds with potential inhibitory effects on the target enzymes of interest and to determine their cytotoxic effect on two cell lines: BHK-21 and MRC-5. Additionally, a chemical and biological characterization of the most commonly used traditional preparations of N. lobata in the Colombian Pacific region was performed to determine if these extracts have the ability to inhibit the enzymes of interest and contain the identified bioactive metabolites. Finally, the mechanisms of enzymatic inhibition on PL, AA, and AG by bioactive compounds from N. lobata and some related compounds were determined to establish preliminary structure-activity relationships. The bio-guided chemical study revealed that the AcOMe and iPrOH fractions concentrate the inhibitory activity on the digestive enzymes. From these fractions, the isolation and identification of two sesquiterpene lactones (neurolenin B C1 and lobatin A C2), two benzoic acid derivatives (p-hydroxybenzoic acid C3 and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid C4), and two flavonoids (5,6,4'-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavonol C5 and 5,6,3',4'-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavonol C6) were achieved. Compounds C1, C2, C5, and C6 demonstrated inhibitory effects on PL and AG, with IC50 values between 615 and 134 µM on PL and between 639 and 170 μM on AG. Compounds C1 to C6 showed weak inhibitory activity on AA, with inhibition percentages below 15%. Cytotoxicity studies of the extract, fractions, and bioactive compounds showed that the HA extract and the AcOMe and iPrOH fractions exhibited moderate toxicity (cell viability > 50%) at all evaluated concentrations on the MRC-5 cell line, while on the BHK-21 cell line, the extract was also moderately toxic, and the fractions were highly toxic at the maximum concentration, causing cellular mortality of over 70%. Compounds C5 and C6 were highly toxic on the BHK-21 cell line, causing mortalities above 62% at all evaluated concentrations, while their toxicity on the MRC-5 cell line ranged from low to moderate, with compound C6 being the least toxic on this cell line. The results of the chemical and biological characterization of the traditional preparations (TP) of N. lobata showed that the hydroalcoholic extract exhibited a better profile of inhibitory activity on the three enzymes of interest compared to the TP. However, it was found that the TP obtained from fresh leaves were the only ones that inhibited the three enzymes of interest. Regarding the presence of bioactive compounds in the TP, it was found that compound C1 is present in all TPs, both from fresh and dried leaves, while compounds C5 and C6 could only be detected in TPs from dried leaves. The results of the enzymatic activity studies of the bioactive compounds and related compounds indicate that for the studied sesquiterpene lactone compounds to inhibit the catalytic activity of AG and PL, the presence of ester groups at positions 9 and 8 of the lactone ring is required. Furthermore, these substances behaved as competitive inhibitors on both enzymes. In the case of flavonoids, it was found that flavanone-type compounds are not capable of inhibiting any of the enzymes, highlighting the importance of unsaturation between carbons 2 and 3 of the flavonoid nucleus to exert inhibitory effects on all three enzymes of interest. Most of the enzyme-inhibiting flavonoids acted as competitive or mixed inhibitors on AA, AG, and/or PL. Among the studied compounds, only C18 and C19 managed to inhibit the catalytic activity of all three digestive enzymes, while compounds C1, C2, C5, and C6 only managed to inhibit AG and PL.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias - Químicaspa
dc.description.researchareaQuímica de Productos Naturalesspa
dc.format.extent153 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85430
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Cienciasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Químicaspa
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dc.relation.referencesZhu, Qibo et al. 2013. “Comparison of the Hypoglycemic Effect of Acarbose Monotherapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Consuming an Eastern or Western Diet: A Systematic Meta-Analysis.” Clinical Therapeutics 35(6).spa
dc.relation.referencesZubair, Shumaila et al. 2023. “New Ferrocene Integrated Amphiphilic Guanidines: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Elucidation, DFT Calculation and in Vitro α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Combined with Molecular Docking Approach.” Heliyon 9(4).spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseReconocimiento 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc540 - Química y ciencias afinesspa
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::572 - Bioquímicaspa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéuticaspa
dc.subject.decsInhibidores Enzimáticos - químicaspa
dc.subject.decsEnzyme Inhibitors - chemistryeng
dc.subject.decsInhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasasspa
dc.subject.decsGlycoside Hydrolase Inhibitorseng
dc.subject.decsalfa-Glucosidasasspa
dc.subject.decsalpha-Glucosidaseseng
dc.subject.decsalfa-Amilasasspa
dc.subject.decsalpha-Amylaseseng
dc.subject.decsalfa-Amilasas Pancreáticasspa
dc.subject.decsPancreatic alpha-Amylaseseng
dc.subject.decsLipoproteína Lipasaspa
dc.subject.decsLipoprotein Lipaseeng
dc.subject.decsDiabetes Mellitus Tipo 2spa
dc.subject.decsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2eng
dc.subject.decsFitoquímicosspa
dc.subject.decsPhytochemicalseng
dc.subject.decsExtractos vegetalesspa
dc.subject.decsPlant Extractseng
dc.subject.proposalLipasa pancreáticaspa
dc.subject.proposalα-amilasaspa
dc.subject.proposalα-glucosidasaspa
dc.subject.proposalNeurolaena lobataspa
dc.subject.proposalFlavonoidesspa
dc.subject.proposalDiabetesspa
dc.subject.proposalObesidadspa
dc.subject.proposalPancreatic lipaseeng
dc.subject.proposalα-amylaseeng
dc.subject.proposalα-glucosidaseeng
dc.subject.proposalDiabeteseng
dc.subject.proposalObesityeng
dc.subject.wikidataNeurolaena lobataspa
dc.titleBúsqueda de moléculas de origen natural con acción multidiana sobre enzimas pancreáticas digestivas: α-Glucosidasa, α-Amilasa y Lipasa pancreáticaspa
dc.title.translatedSearch for molecules of natural origin with multidrug action on pancreatic digestive enzymes: α-Glucosidase, α-Amylase and Pancreatic lipaseeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
oaire.fundernameMinisterio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (MinCiencias). Contrato 003- 2017. Código 110174559038spa

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