Evaluación fisicoquímica y funcional de un dextrano de origen microbiano

dc.contributor.advisorCobos de Rangel, Olga Patricia
dc.contributor.advisorOspina Sanchez, Sonia Amparo
dc.contributor.authorTorres Montañez, David Esteban
dc.contributor.cvlacTorres Montañez, David Esteban [0001985082]
dc.contributor.cvlacOspina Sánchez, Sonia Amparo [0000067490]
dc.contributor.googlescholarN/A
dc.contributor.orcid0009000667742457
dc.contributor.researchgateN/A
dc.contributor.scopusN/A
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-18T12:35:44Z
dc.date.available2026-02-18T12:35:44Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionIlustraciones, diagramas, fotografías, gráficosspa
dc.description.abstractLa fibra es un compuesto que presenta propiedades benéficas para la salud de quienes lo ingieren en cantidades adecuadas, destacándose especialmente por su papel en la prevención y/o en el manejo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) y en enfermedades a nivel intestinal; de ahí su relevancia de incluir en la alimentación diaria alimentos que la contengan. Dentro del estudio de las propiedades fisiológicas y bioquímicas de los compuestos de fibra adquiere importancia para su inclusión en alimentos de consumo habitual que no solo contribuyan a su mayor aporte de fibra, sino que, adicionalmente, sean sensorialmente aceptables por los consumidores. El enfoque de este proyecto de investigación fue caracterizar un exopolisacárido tipo dextrano producido por un microorganismo en ambientes controlados, analizando sus características fisicoquímicas, para evaluar su comportamiento en una matriz alimentaria y sus características funcionales relacionadas con el efecto biológico sobre el tiempo de tránsito intestinal. En la caracterización fisicoquímica, se evaluó la capacidad de retención de agua, aceite, y la dispersabilidad en agua, leche entera, leche deslactosada y mezclas de agua con leche entera, encontrando una alta afinidad en medio acuosos poco oleosos y baja afinidad por las matrices lácteas. En la evaluación del comportamiento en matrices líquidas, el fluido obtenido se caracterizó como no newtoniano, presentando un aumento en la viscosidad aparente a medida que incrementaba su concentración. En matrices sólidas, el comportamiento se determinó mediante análisis instrumental y sensorial y, se estableció que el cereal tipo galleta, en este caso galleta de avena, era el mejor vehículo para el dextrano en concentraciones de hasta el 15%. Para evaluar su efecto biológico, se llevaron a cabo tres ensayos de evaluación de tránsito intestinal: dos en roedores y uno en seres humanos. En el primero, en roedores, no se observaron diferencias significativas al aplicar 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg y 200 mg/kg de dextrano en comparación con el control o el patrón de inulina de 200 mg/kg; sin embargo, se evidenció una tendencia de incremento en la velocidad del tránsito intestinal conforme aumentaba la concentración del polímero. En el segundo ensayo también en roedores, se evidenció diferencia significativa entre el control, de solución salina, y los tratamientos con patrón de inulina y con adición del polímero en concentración de 200 mg/kg. En el tercero, el ensayo biológico con una población adulta sana, se suministró galleta de avena con adición del 15% de polímero, se observó un aumento en la velocidad del tránsito intestinal, resultado que presentó diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0.05). (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractFiber is a compound that exhibits beneficial properties for the health of those who ingest it in adequate quantities, especially for its role in the prevention and/or management of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and intestinal diseases; hence, the importance of including foods containing it in the daily diet. Within the study of the physiological and biochemical properties of fiber compounds, it is important to include them in commonly consumed foods that not only contribute to their increased fiber content but are also sensorially acceptable to consumers. The focus of this research project was to characterize a dextran-type exopolysaccharide produced by a microorganism in controlled environments, analyzing its physicochemical characteristics, to evaluate its behavior in a food matrix and its functional characteristics related to the biological effect on intestinal transit time. In the physicochemical characterization, the water and oil retention capacity and dispersibility in water, whole milk, lactose-free milk, and water-whole milk mixtures were evaluated. A high affinity in low-oil aqueous media and a low affinity for dairy matrices were found. In the evaluation of its behavior in liquid matrices, the fluid obtained was characterized as non-Newtonian, presenting an increase in apparent viscosity with increasing concentration. In solid matrices, the behavior was determined by instrumental and sensory analysis, and it was established that biscuit-type cereal, in this case oatmeal biscuit, was the best vehicle for dextran at concentrations up to 15%. To evaluate its biological effect, three intestinal transit evaluation tests were carried out: two in rodents and one in humans. In the first, in rodents, no significant differences were observed when applying 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of dextran compared to the control or the 200 mg/kg inulin pattern; however, a trend of increased intestinal transit speed was evident as the polymer concentration increased. In the second test, also in rodents, a significant difference was evident between the control, saline solution, and the treatments with inulin pattern and with the addition of the polymer at a concentration of 200 mg/kg. In the third, the biological test with a healthy adult population, oatmeal cookies with the addition of 15% polymer were supplied, an increase in intestinal transit speed was observed, a result that presented a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagister en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos
dc.description.researchareaDiseño y Desarrollo de Productos Alimenticios
dc.format.extent147 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89587
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subject.blaaDextranospa
dc.subject.ddc660 - Ingeniería química::664 - Tecnología de alimentos
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud
dc.subject.ddc600 - Tecnología (Ciencias aplicadas)
dc.subject.ddc600 - Tecnología (Ciencias aplicadas)::607 - Educación, investigación, temas relacionados
dc.subject.proposalFibra solublespa
dc.subject.proposalSoluble fibereng
dc.subject.proposalBiopolímerospa
dc.subject.proposalDextranospa
dc.subject.proposalAlimento Funcionalspa
dc.subject.proposalBiopolymereng
dc.subject.proposalDextraneng
dc.subject.proposalFunctional Foodeng
dc.subject.wikidataBiopolímerospa
dc.subject.wikidataBiopolymereng
dc.subject.wikidataAlimentos Funcionalesspa
dc.subject.wikidataFunctional foodeng
dc.titleEvaluación fisicoquímica y funcional de un dextrano de origen microbianospa
dc.title.translatedPhysicochemical and functional evaluation of a dextran of microbial origineng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
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