Estudio químico de macroalgas rojas del departamento Archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina con potencial uso en la industria cosmética

dc.contributor.advisorRamos Rodríguez, Freddy Alejandrospa
dc.contributor.authorAngulo Nuñez, Eibarspa
dc.contributor.cvlacEIBAR ANGULO - https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/EnRecursoHumano/inicio.dospa
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-0696-6808spa
dc.contributor.researchgatehttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eibar-Angulo-Nunez?ev=hdr_xprfspa
dc.contributor.researchgroupEstudio y Aprovechamiento de Productos Naturales Marinos y Frutas de Colombiaspa
dc.coverage.countryColombiaspa
dc.coverage.regionArchipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalinaspa
dc.coverage.tgnhttp://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/1002111
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-04T19:45:16Z
dc.date.available2025-04-04T19:45:16Z
dc.date.issued2025-03-08
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramasspa
dc.description.abstractLa exposición a la radiación solar es un factor de riesgo significativo para la salud humana, contribuyendo al desarrollo de enfermedades como el cáncer de piel. La búsqueda de métodos eficaces de fotoprotección ha llevado al desarrollo de productos que protegen a la piel frente a la radiación ultravioleta (UV). Sin embargo, los efectos adversos de algunos de estos productos, como reacciones alérgicas y la acumulación de sus componentes en el medio ambiente, generan la necesidad de encontrar alternativas naturales más seguras y sostenibles. En este contexto, los productos naturales obtenidos de organismos marinos, como las algas rojas, han despertado interés debido a sus propiedades bioactivas, especialmente en la protección solar. En este contexto, las algas rojas del Archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina representan un recurso inexplorado que podría ofrecer nuevos compuestos con capacidad fotoprotectora. En este trabajo, se evaluaron 208 extractos obtenidos de 17 muestras de macroalgas rojas colectadas en dicho archipiélago. Los extractos fueron estudiados mediante la evaluación de los parámetros de fotoprotección in vitro seleccionados (FPS, UVAr y λc), y la captación del radical DPPH•, como una aproximación a la capacidad antioxidante. El análisis se realizó a través de la implementación de PCA y mapas de calor para la comparación el potencial cosmético en fotoprotección, Esto permitió que se seleccionaran los extractos butanólico de Gracilariopsis sp. y orgánico de Acanthophora spicifera, los cuales mostraron los mejores resultados en términos de capacidad fotoprotectora y captación del radical DPPH•. Estos hallazgos resaltan el potencial cosmético de las algas rojas del archipiélago para su posible aplicación en productos de protección solar. El estudio químico de los extractos previamente seleccionados permitió identificar compuestos bioactivos responsables de la capacidad fotoprotectora in vitro. En el extracto butanólico de Gracilariopsis sp., se aislaron e identificaron por RMN la microtecina (1) y la 2-furil hidroximetilcetona (2), siendo este último el principal responsable de la absorción en la región UVB, con un FPS de 9,41. En el caso de Acanthophora spicifera, los análisis de RMN revelaron una composición mayoritaria de ácidos grasos saturados e insaturados, encontrando que la fracción OA-2.3 tuvo un FPS de 13,00, máxima protección en UVAr y protección amplio espectro en λc. En esta fracción se identificó por experimentos de RMN mono y bidimensional un nuevo ácido graso poliinsaturado, el ácido hexadeca-5,10,13-trienoico (3) , que junto con el ácido α-eleostearico (4), y otros ácidos grasos identificados por GC-MS contribuyen a la protección de amplio espectro observada en este extracto. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo la identificación y cuantificación de aminoácidos tipo micosporinas (MAAs) en 10 muestras de algas rojas del archipiélago, mediante UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. La muestra Laurencia sp. fue la que presentó la mayor concentración de MAAs, con 1,63 mg·g⁻¹ DW, y un FPS de 23,14 a 20 mg·mL-1, mostrando la relación entre el contenido de MAAs y la capacidad fotoprotectora de los extractos acuosos de las algas rojas evaluadas. Estos resultados subrayan el potencial de los MAAs como ingredientes activos para formulaciones cosméticas innovadoras en la protección solar. Este trabajo contribuye al conocimiento sobre el potencial fotoprotector de las algas rojas del Caribe insular colombiano, identificando compuestos con actividad prometedora y abriendo nuevas posibilidades para su aplicación en la industria cosmética. (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.abstractExposure to solar radiation is a significant risk factor for human health, contributing to the development of diseases such as skin cancer. The search for effective photoprotection methods has led to the development of products that act as barriers against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, the adverse effects of some of these products, such as allergic reactions and the accumulation of their components in the environment, highlight the need to find safer and more sustainable natural alternatives. In this context, natural products obtained from marine organisms, such as red algae, have gained interest due to their bioactive properties, particularly in sun protection. The red algae from the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina represent an unexplored resource that could offer new compounds with photoprotective activity. In this work, 208 extracts obtained from 17 samples of red macroalgae collected in the archipelago were evaluated. The extracts were analyzed for their photoprotective and antioxidant activity using in vitro methods, including selected photoprotection parameters (SPF, UVAr, and λc) and the DPPH• radical scavenging assay. The analysis was carried out through the implementation of PCA and heatmaps to compare the cosmetic potential for photoprotection. This allowed for the selection of the butanolic extract of Gracilariopsis sp. and the organic extract of Acanthophora spicifera, which showed the best results in terms of photoprotective and antioxidant activity. These findings highlight the cosmetic potential of the red algae from the archipelago for use in sunscreen products. The chemical study of the selected extracts allowed for the identification of bioactive compounds responsible for photoprotective activity. In the butanolic extract of Gracilariopsis sp., microtecin (1) and 2-furyl hydroxymethyl ketone (2) were isolated and identified by NMR, with the latter being primarily responsible for absorption in the UVB region, with an SPF of 9.41. In the case of Acanthophora spicifera, NMR analyses revealed a predominant composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, with the OA-2.3 fraction having an SPF of 13.00, maximum protection in UVAr, and broad-spectrum protection. In this fraction, a new polyunsaturated fatty acid, hexadeca-5,10,13-trienoic acid (3), was identified through mono- and bidimensional NMR experiments, along with α-eleostearic acid (4), and other fatty acids identified by GC-MS that contribute to the broad-spectrum protection observed in this extract. Finally, the identification and quantification of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in 10 red algae samples from the archipelago were performed using UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. The sample of Laurencia sp. showed the highest concentration of MAAs, with 1.63 mg·g⁻¹ DW, and an SPF of 23.14 at 20 mg·mL⁻¹, demonstrating the relationship between MAA content and the photoprotective capacity of the aqueous extracts of the evaluated red algae. These results underscore the potential of MAAs as active ingredients for innovative and effective sunscreen formulations. This work contributes to the understanding of the photoprotective potential of red algae from the Colombian insular Caribbean, identifying compounds with promising activity and opening new possibilities for their application in the cosmetic industry.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias - Químicaspa
dc.description.researchareaProductos naturalesspa
dc.description.sponsorship‘BALCAR-Q: Bioprospección y Química de Algas del Caribe’ (Minciencias - 1101-852-69964) por el apoyo financiero. EA agradece las “Becas de Minciencias SGR Convocatoria 7 Alianza UNAL–UDEA”. Al Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de Colombia por haber garantizado esta investigación (Contrato No. 121 del 22 de enero de 2016, modificado mediante la enmienda No. 7).spa
dc.format.extentxxvii, 204 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/87847
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Cienciasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Químicaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseReconocimiento 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc540 - Química y ciencias afines::547 - Química orgánicaspa
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::572 - Bioquímicaspa
dc.subject.proposalFotoprotecciónspa
dc.subject.proposalAlgas rojasspa
dc.subject.proposalArchipiélago de San Andrésspa
dc.subject.proposalMAAsspa
dc.subject.proposalFPSspa
dc.subject.proposalCosméticaspa
dc.subject.proposalCaptación del radical DPPH•spa
dc.subject.proposalPUFAsspa
dc.subject.proposalPhotoprotectioneng
dc.subject.proposalRed algaeeng
dc.subject.proposalArchipelago of San Andréseng
dc.subject.proposalMAAseng
dc.subject.proposalSPFeng
dc.subject.proposalCosmeticseng
dc.subject.proposalAntioxidanteng
dc.subject.proposalPUFAseng
dc.subject.unescoInvestigación químicaspa
dc.subject.unescoChemical researcheng
dc.subject.wikidatacosméticospa
dc.subject.wikidatacosmeticseng
dc.subject.wikidataMacroalgaspa
dc.subject.wikidataseaweedeng
dc.titleEstudio químico de macroalgas rojas del departamento Archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina con potencial uso en la industria cosméticaspa
dc.title.translatedChemical study of red macroalgae from the Department of the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina with potential use in the cosmetic industryeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentAdministradoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentBibliotecariosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentConsejerosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentGrupos comunitariosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestrosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMedios de comunicaciónspa
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dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPersonal de apoyo escolarspa
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dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentReceptores de fondos federales y solicitantesspa
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Tesis de Maestría en Ciencias - Química

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