Evaluación de un extracto vegetal de Zanthoxylum sp. con actividad agonista LXR como potencial agente protector de la mielina en el modelo de desmielinización por cuprizona

dc.contributor.advisorSandoval Hernández , Adrián Gabriel
dc.contributor.authorJiménez Correa, Daniel Esteban
dc.contributor.researchgroupMuerte Celular
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Neurociencias-Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-11T22:06:32Z
dc.date.available2025-09-11T22:06:32Z
dc.date.issued2025-04
dc.descriptionilustraciones a color, diagramas, fotografíasspa
dc.description.abstractIntroducción: Las enfermedades desmielinizantes comprenden un grupo heterogéneo de trastornos del sistema nervioso central (SNC) asociados a discapacidad en millones de pacientes a nivel mundial. Entre ellas, la esclerosis múltiple (EM) destaca por su alta prevalencia e impacto socioeconómico. La EM se caracteriza por la disfunción y pérdida de la mielina consecuencia de la muerte celular de los oligodendrocitos asociado a un proceso inflamatorio. Teniendo en cuenta la limitada oferta de fármacos eficientes hay necesidad en la investigación en alternativas terapéuticas. La activación farmacológica del receptor nuclear X hepático (LXR) se presenta como una estrategia promisoria. Los LXR son proteínas expresadas por todas las células de SNC que actúan como factores de transcripción activados por pequeños ligandos. Objetivo: Evaluar el potencial terapéutico de un extracto vegetal y una fracción obtenida de una especie del género Zanthoxylum con actividad agonista de LXR en el modelo de desmielinización por cuprizona. Métodos: A partir de material vegetal de Zanthoxylum sp., se obtuvo un extracto crudo y una fracción que se analizaron por HPLC. El diseño experimental incluyó seis grupos de ratones Balb/C que fueron tratados con cuprizona o vehículo, en combinación con el extracto, la fracción o vehículo. Se evaluó la función motora mediante la prueba de la escalera horizontal, así como marcadores asociados a oligodendrocitos, astrocitos y microglía, detectados mediante microscopía confocal y Western blot. Resultados: En la prueba de la escalera horizontal no se observaron déficits motores entre los grupos experimentales. La administración de cuprizona indujo un patrón de desmielinización diferencial según la región analizada. En el cuerpo calloso, la inmunofluorescencia para CNP no evidenció una desmielinización marcada; sin embargo, se detectó activación astrocitaria y microglial, la cual fue atenuada por el tratamiento con el extracto. En la corteza motora, la cuprizona provocó una desmielinización más pronunciada, con una reducción de hasta el 32 % en el marcaje de CNP, acompañada de una astrogliosis y microgliosis exacerbadas. Estas alteraciones fueron parcialmente revertidas por la coadministración del extracto. En contraste, en el hipocampo se observó una desmielinización robusta, cercana al 70 %, junto con una intensa activación glial, que no fue revertida por ninguno de los tratamientos. La reducción de los marcadores histopatológicos observada tras la coadministración de la fracción no fue consistente, lo que sugiere una posible pérdida de actividad biológica en comparación con el tratamiento con el extracto completo. Conclusiones: El extracto de Zanthoxylum sp. atenuó la desmielinización, preservó la integridad de la mielina y redujo la activación glial en el cuerpo calloso y la corteza cerebral frente al daño inducido por la cuprizona. Estos hallazgos sugieren que este producto natural podría tener potencial terapéutico en el contexto de enfermedades desmielinizantes. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Demyelinating diseases comprise a heterogeneous group of central nervous system (CNS) disorders that affect millions of patients worldwide and are commonly associated with disability. Among them, multiple sclerosis (MS) stands out due to its high prevalence and significant socioeconomic impact. MS is characterized by myelin dysfunction and loss resulting from oligodendrocyte cell death, which is associated with an inflammatory process. Given the limited availability of effective drugs, there is a growing need for research into alternative therapeutic strategies. Pharmacological activation of the liver X receptor (LXR) has emerged as a promising approach. LXRs are nuclear receptors expressed in all CNS cell types, functioning as ligand-activated transcription factors. Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic potential of a plant extract and a fraction derived from a species of the Zanthoxylum genus with LXR agonist activity in a cuprizone-induced demyelination model. Methods: A crude extract and a fraction were obtained and characterized from Zanthoxylum sp. plant material. An experiment was designed involving six groups of Balb/C mice, which received either cuprizone or its vehicle, in combination with the extract, the fraction, or their respective vehicle. Motor performance was assessed using the horizontal ladder test. Protein expression associated with oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia was evaluated through confocal microscopy and Western blotting. Results: The horizontal ladder test revealed no motor deficits among the experimental groups. Cuprizone administration induced a region-specific pattern of demyelination. In the corpus callosum, immunofluorescence for CNP did not show marked demyelination; however, astrocyte and microglial activation was observed and was attenuated by extract treatment. In the motor cortex, cuprizone caused more pronounced demyelination, with up to a 32% reduction in CNP labeling, accompanied by exacerbated astrogliosis and microgliosis. These alterations were partially reversed by extract administration. In contrast, the hippocampus exhibited severe demyelination, close to 70%, along with intense glial activation, which was not reversed by any of the treatments. The histopathological marker reductions observed with the fraction treatment were inconsistent, suggesting a possible loss of biological activity compared to the complete extract. Conclusions: The Zanthoxylum sp. extract mitigated demyelination, preserved myelin integrity, and reduced glial activation in the corpus callosum and cerebral cortex following cuprizone-induced damage. These findings suggest that this natural product may hold therapeutic potential for demyelinating diseases.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias - Bioquímica
dc.description.researchareaDesmielinización
dc.description.researchareaEnfermedades neurodegenerativas
dc.format.extentxx, 89 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/88731
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Bioquímica
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc615 - Farmacología y terapéuticaspa
dc.subject.ddc572 - Bioquímicaspa
dc.subject.decsEnfermedades desmielinizantesspa
dc.subject.decsDemyelinating diseaseseng
dc.subject.decsOligodendroglíaspa
dc.subject.decsOligodendrogliaeng
dc.subject.decsZanthoxylumspa
dc.subject.decsGliosisspa
dc.subject.decsCuprizonaspa
dc.subject.decsCuprizoneeng
dc.subject.decsEsclerosis múltiple -- Tratamiento farmacológicospa
dc.subject.decsMultiple sclerosis -- Drug therapyeng
dc.subject.decsReceptores X del hígadospa
dc.subject.decsLiver X receptorseng
dc.subject.proposalDesmielinizaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalGliosisspa
dc.subject.proposalProducto naturalspa
dc.subject.proposalCuprizonaspa
dc.subject.proposalDemyelinationspa
dc.subject.proposalLXReng
dc.subject.proposalOligodendrocyteseng
dc.subject.proposalGliosiseng
dc.subject.proposalCuprizoneeng
dc.subject.proposalCuprizoneeng
dc.titleEvaluación de un extracto vegetal de Zanthoxylum sp. con actividad agonista LXR como potencial agente protector de la mielina en el modelo de desmielinización por cuprizonaspa
dc.title.translatedEvaluation of a plant extract from Zanthoxylum sp. with LXR agonist activity as a potential myelin-protective agent in the cuprizone-induced demyelination modeleng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
oaire.awardtitleEvaluación de un extracto vegetal de Zanthoxylum sp con actividad agonista LXR como potencial agente protector de la mielina en el modelo de desmielinización por cuprizona. Código: 62367
oaire.awardtitleEvaluación del potencial neuroprotector de la mielinización, de un extracto del genero Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) con actividad agonista de LXR. Código: 57742
oaire.fundernameVicedecanatura de Investigación de la Facultad de Ciencias
oaire.fundernameVicerrectoría de Investigación de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia

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