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Potencial insecticida de aceites esenciales provenientes de especies del género Piper con alto contenido de fenilpropanoides para el control de Sitophilus zeamais y Tribolium castaneum

dc.contributor.advisorPatiño Ladino, Oscar Javierspa
dc.contributor.advisorPrieto Rodríguez, Juliet Angélicaspa
dc.contributor.authorRipoll Aristizabal, Daniel Camilospa
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-25T18:55:40Z
dc.date.available2025-03-25T18:55:40Z
dc.date.issued2025-03-24
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramasspa
dc.description.abstractLa conservación de cereales enfrenta grandes desafíos durante el almacenamiento, principalmente debido a plagas de insectos como Sitophilus zeamais y Tribolium castaneum, que pueden causar pérdidas de producto entre el 5 y el 30%. Para su control, se ha extendido el uso de insecticidas químicos; sin embargo, estos presentan varias limitaciones tales como la generación de resistencia en las poblaciones tratadas, riesgos para la salud humana y persistencia ambiental. En la búsqueda de alternativas seguras para su control, los aceites esenciales (AEs) destacan por su potencial biológico, su diversidad estructural y su baja persistencia ambiental. El género Piper es reconocido a nivel científico por sus propiedades insecticidas y muchas de sus especies suelen producir AEs con una diversidad química interesante entre monoterpenoides y fenilpropanoides. El presente estudio contribuye a la caracterización del potencial insecticida de AEs del género Piper y sus principales constituyentes en el control de S. zeamais y T. castaneum. En la primera etapa de la investigación se evaluó el potencial fumigante, tóxico por contacto y repelente de los AEs de P. aduncum, P. asperiusculum, P. auritum y P. holtonii frente a S. zeamais y T. castaneum. Los AEs fueron obtenidos mediante extracción por arrastre con vapor y caracterizados químicamente por CG-EM. Adicionalmente, se determinó el potencial insecticida de algunos fenilpropanoides presentes en los AEs, dilapiol (1), miristicina (2), apiol (3) y safrol (4). En una segunda etapa, se establecieron algunas relaciones preliminares de estructura-actividad insecticida basada en los fenilpropanoides presentes en los AEs. Para lo cual, se adquirieron algunos comerciales y estructuralmente relacionados (alilbenceno (6), eugenol (7), isoeugenol (8), metileugenol (9), metilisoeugenol (10), α-asarona (11), y trans-anetol (12)), y se sintetizaron veinte derivados (13 a 33) a partir de los fenilpropanoides 4, 5, 7 y 9. Finalmente, en la tercera etapa como aproximación al mecanismo de acción, se evaluó el efecto inhibitorio de las sustancias más promisorias sobre las enzimas acetilcolinesterasa (AChE), catalasa (CAT) y glutatión-S-transferasa (GST) provenientes de extractos proteicos obtenidos de S. zeamais y T. castaneum. Los resultados de composición química de los AEs permitieron establecer a dilapiol (23.9%) e isoapiol (9.5%) como constituyentes mayoritarios en el AE de hojas de P. aduncum, mientras que dilapiol (23.5%) y apiol (15.8%) fueron los principales en el AE de sus inflorescencias. En el AE de hojas de P. asperiusculum, los componentes mayoritarios fueron miristicina (38.6%) y dilapiol (20.7%), mientras que el AE de sus inflorescencias se caracterizó por la presencia de eucaliptol (11.6%), α-copaeno (10.5%) y miristicina (7.2%). Los componentes safrol (48.1%) y terpinoleno (12.1%) fueron los mayoritarios en el AE de hojas de P. auritum, mientras que el safrol (55.9%) y terpinoleno (9.4%) fueron los principales en el AE de sus inflorescencias. Finalmente, en el AE de la parte aérea de P. holtonii se determinó como constituyentes mayoritarios a apiol (23.9%) y germacreno D (13.6%). Los AEs evaluados se caracterizaron por su potencial insecticida por contacto, siendo este el primer reporte de la toxicidad por contacto de los AEs de P. auritum y P. holtonii contra S. zeamais, y de los AEs de P. aduncum, P. asperiusculum, P. auritum y P. holtonii contra T. castaneum. Asimismo, en este estudio se reporta por primera vez la toxicidad por contacto tópico para el dilapiol (1) y el apiol (3) en ambos insectos. El análisis preliminar de relación estructura-actividad insecticida sugiere que la presencia del grupo metilendioxi en el anillo aromático es importante para la actividad insecticida, mientras que los grupos metoxilos sobre el anillo aromático tienden a disminuir el potencial insecticida. Los fenilpropanoides con doble enlace en posición terminal de la cadena lateral tienden a ser más activos para aquellos que tienen el doble enlace conjugado al anillo aromático o los compuestos hidrogenados. De manera general los derivados sintetizados (13 a 33), causaron disminución en la acción insecticida respecto a fenilpropanoides de partida (4, 5, 7 y 9), lo que permitió establecer la importancia del doble enlace en la cadena lateral para la actividad insecticida. Adicionalmente, se observó que el chavicol (28), se destacó por el incremento de la toxicidad por contacto frente a S. zeamais (DL50 de 27.8 µg/insecto), respecto a su precursor (5) que fue inactivo, lo que sugirió la importancia para la acción insecticida del grupo hidroxilo sobre la posición 4 del anillo aromático. En términos de inhibición enzimática, los niveles fueron bajos (<20 %) o moderados (20.1 – 50.0 %) para todas las sustancias y AEs, con excepción para el compuesto 28 (chavicol), que actuó como inhibidor mixto de AChE y competitivo de GST. La mortalidad de los insectos se puede deber a la contribución de inhibiciones bajas o moderadas de AChE y GST, pero este no parece ser el principal mecanismo de acción. Estos hallazgos proporcionan una visión integral del potencial insecticida de los AEs de Piper y fenilpropanoides en el control de S. zeamais y T. castaneum. Asimismo, abren la posibilidad para desarrollar insecticidas naturales específicos en el control de insectos plaga. (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.abstractThe preservation of cereals faces significant challenges during storage, primarily due to insect pests such as Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum, which can cause product losses ranging from 5% to 30%. The use of chemical insecticides has become widespread for pest control; however, these compounds present several limitations, including the development of resistance in treated populations, risks to human health, and environmental persistence. In the search for safer alternatives, essential oils (EOs) stand out for their biological potential, structural diversity, and low environmental persistence. The Piper genus is scientifically recognized for its insecticidal properties, and many of its species produce EOs with interesting chemical diversity, including monoterpenoids and phenylpropanoids. This study contributes to the characterization of the insecticidal potential of EOs from the Piper genus and their main constituents in controlling S. zeamais and T. castaneum. In the first phase of the research, the fumigant, contact toxicity, and repellent potential of EOs from P. aduncum, P. asperiusculum, P. auritum, and P. holtonii were evaluated against S. zeamais and T. castaneum. The EOs were obtained by steam distillation and chemically characterized by GC-MS. Additionally, the insecticidal potential of some phenylpropanoids present in the EOs, such as dillapiole (1), myristicin (2), apiole (3), and safrole (4), was determined. In the second phase, preliminary structure-activity relationships were established for insecticidal activity based on the phenylpropanoids present in the EOs. For this purpose, several commercial and structurally related compounds (allylbenzene (6), eugenol (7), isoeugenol (8), methyl eugenol (9), methyl isoeugenol (10), α-asarone (11), and trans-anethole (12)) were acquired, and twenty derivatives (13 to 33) were synthesized from the phenylpropanoids 4, 5, 7, and 9. Finally, in the third phase, as an approach to understanding the mode of action, the inhibitory effect of the most promising substances was evaluated on the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) from protein extracts obtained from S. zeamais and T. castaneum. The chemical composition results of the EOs revealed that dillapiol (23.9%) and isoapiol (9.5%) were the major constituents in the EO from P. aduncum leaves, while dillapiol (23.5%) and apiol (15.8%) were the main components in the EO from its inflorescences. In the EO from P. asperiusculum leaves, myristicin (38.6%) and dillapiol (20.7%) were the major constituents, whereas its inflorescence EO was characterized by eucalyptol (11.6%), α-copaene (10.5%), and myristicin (7.2%). Safrole (48.1%) and terpinolene (12.1%) were the major constituents in the EO from P. auritum leaves, while safrole (55.9%) and terpinolene (9.4%) were the primary components in the EO from its inflorescences. Lastly, apiol (23.9%) and germacrene D (13.6%) were the major constituents in the EO from the aerial parts of P. holtonii. The evaluated EOs demonstrated contact insecticidal potential, with this being the first report of contact toxicity of P. auritum and P. holtonii EOs against S. zeamais, and of P. aduncum, P. asperiusculum, P. auritum, and P. holtonii EOs against T. castaneum. This study also provides the first report of topical contact toxicity for dillapiol (1) and apiol (3) in both insect species. Preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis suggests that the presence of the methylenedioxy group in the aromatic ring is important for insecticidal activity, while methoxy groups on the aromatic ring tend to reduce insecticidal potential. Phenylpropanoids with a terminal double bond in the side chain tend to be more active compared to those with a conjugated double bond to the aromatic ring or hydrogenated compounds. In general, the synthesized derivatives (13 to 33) exhibited reduced insecticidal activity compared to the parent phenylpropanoids (4, 5, 7, and 9), allowing for the identification of the importance of the side chain with a double bond for insecticidal activity. Additionally, chavicol (28) stood out for its increased contact toxicity against S. zeamais (LD50 of 27.8 µg/insect), compared to its precursor (5), which was inactive, suggesting the importance of the hydroxyl group in position 4 of the aromatic ring for insecticidal action. In terms of enzyme inhibition, the levels were low (<20%) or moderate (20.1–50.0%) for all substances and EOs, except for compound 28 (chavicol), which acted as a mixed inhibitor of AChE and a competitive inhibitor of GST. The insect mortality observed may be attributed to the contribution of low or moderate inhibition of AChE and GST, but this does not seem to be the primary mode of action. These findings provide an integrated view of the insecticidal potential of Piper EOs and phenylpropanoids in controlling S. zeamais and T. castaneum, while also opening possibilities for the development of specific natural insecticides for pest control.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias - Químicaspa
dc.description.researchareaQuímica de productos naturalesspa
dc.description.sponsorshipSistema General de Regalíasspa
dc.format.extentxxix, 222 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/87732
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Cienciasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Químicaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.agrovocInsecticida de origen vegetalspa
dc.subject.agrovocbotanical insecticideseng
dc.subject.agrovocSitophilusspa
dc.subject.agrovocSitophiluseng
dc.subject.agrovocControl cultural de plagasspa
dc.subject.agrovoccultural pest controleng
dc.subject.agrovocControl químico de plagasspa
dc.subject.agrovocchemical pest controleng
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::632 - Lesiones, enfermedades, plagas vegetalesspa
dc.subject.ddc540 - Química y ciencias afines::542 - Técnicas, procedimientos, aparatos, equipos, materialesspa
dc.subject.proposalAceites esencialesspa
dc.subject.proposalPiperspa
dc.subject.proposalFenilpropanoidesspa
dc.subject.proposalSitophilus zeamaisspa
dc.subject.proposalTribolium castaneumspa
dc.subject.proposalRelación estructura-actividadspa
dc.subject.proposalInhibición enzimáticaspa
dc.subject.proposalGlutatión-S-transferasaspa
dc.subject.proposalEssential oilseng
dc.subject.proposalPipereng
dc.subject.proposalPhenylpropanoidseng
dc.subject.proposalSitophilus zeamaiseng
dc.subject.proposalTribolium castaneumeng
dc.subject.proposalStructure-activity relationshipeng
dc.subject.proposalEnzymatic inhibitioneng
dc.subject.proposalGlutathione-S-transferaseeng
dc.titlePotencial insecticida de aceites esenciales provenientes de especies del género Piper con alto contenido de fenilpropanoides para el control de Sitophilus zeamais y Tribolium castaneumspa
dc.title.translatedInsecticidal potential of essential oils from Piper species with high phenylpropanoid content for the control of Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneumeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestrosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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