Determinación de variantes genéticas en una muestra de población colombiana con miocardiopatías hereditarias: Un estudio piloto

dc.contributor.advisorYunis Londoño, Juan José
dc.contributor.authorRucinski Calderón, Cynthia
dc.contributor.researchgroupPatología Molecularspa
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-03T20:19:55Z
dc.date.available2021-05-03T20:19:55Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.descriptioniustraciones, fotografías, graficas, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractLa más importante manifestación de las canalopatías y miocardiopatías es la muerte súbita cardiaca; por ello la evaluación de estas patologías es de gran importancia. Las canalopatías cardíacas congénitas son causadas por mutaciones que afectan los genes que codifican canales iónicos de la membrana (canales iónicos de sodio, potasio o calcio) o las estructuras celulares que afectan la disponibilidad de calcio. Las miocardiopatías están relacionadas principalmente con anomalías estructurales cardíacas que conducen a arritmias y dependen de alteraciones genéticas en las proteínas estructurales, incluidas las de sarcómeros, desmosomas y el citoesqueleto. Este proyecto busca determinar las variantes genéticas por medio de secuenciación de siguiente generación en una muestra piloto de pacientes colombianos diagnosticados con miocardiopatías hereditarias: síndrome de QT largo, síndrome de Brugada, miocardiopatía hipertrófica y miocardiopatía arritmogénica. En este estudio se incluyeron 25 pacientes no relacionados con edades de inicio de síntomas entre los 9 y los 55 años. La media de diagnóstico para la miocardiopatía hipertrófica fue de 2 años, y para síndrome de QT largo fue de 10.1 años. Existe una diferencia importante en el intervalo de tiempo que lleva diagnosticar una miocardiopatía hipertrófica y un síndrome de QT largo (p<0,01). La edad de presentación de eventos severos, divididos en pérdida de la conciencia (19.3 años) y sin pérdida de la conciencia (33 años) tienen una diferencia significativa (p<0,01). Se realizó aislamiento de ADN de sangre periférica con posterior secuenciación genética masiva en paralelo. Los datos obtenidos se compararon con la secuencia de referencia y las variantes encontradas se cotejaron con bases de datos internacionales y literatura científica. Se identificaron las variantes patogénicas causales en 52% de los pacientes estudiados, 13/25 en total. De ellas dos variantes no han sido reportadas; una variante tipo nonsense en el gen DSP en un paciente con miocardiopatía arritmogénica y otra variante tipo frameshift en el gen KCNE1 en dos pacientes con síndrome de QT largo. Se evidenció un rendimiento superior de la prueba a menor edad de presentación de síntomas, rendimiento de 66.6%, 50% y 20% en menores de edad, 18 a 39 años y mayores de 40 años, respectivamente. El rendimiento de la prueba para síndrome de QT largo fue de 62.5%. Los pacientes con este diagnóstico tuvieron 4 veces más eventos con pérdida de la conciencia, y la muerte súbita reanimada fue más representativa frente a otras patologías. Asimismo, todos los pacientes que presentaron un evento severo mientras realizaban ejercicio tienen una variante patogénica detectada por secuenciación. Para la miocardiopatía hipertrófica el rendimiento de la prueba fue de 45.4%. Los genes sarcoméricos fueron los implicados en la mayoría de las variantes patogénicas o probablemente patogénicas y se reportó una variante en un gen no sarcomérico. Se identificaron 2 cambios missense y 1 variante intrónica catalogadas como variantes de significado incierto; una hallada en el gen fenocopia LAMP2. Este estudio es el primero en Colombia en evaluar canalopatías y miocardiopatías de forma conjunta. Resalta la necesidad de realizar el análisis mutacional en este grupo de enfermedades, para así brindar un adecuado asesoramiento genético a las familias y poder identificar pacientes en riesgo de eventos severos. Se considera que la principal barrera es encontrar una muestra significativa y representativa de todas las regiones del país. Creemos en la importancia de tener grupos con experticia clínica y molecular, con información centralizada de los pacientes, por medio de alianzas estratégicas entre instituciones cardiovasculares y laboratorios de diagnóstico molecular del país.spa
dc.description.abstractThe most relevant outcome of channelopathies and cardiomyopathies is sudden cardiac death. For this reason, the study of this conditions is of great importance. Congenital cardiac channelopathies are caused by mutations that affect genes that encode membrane ion channels (sodium, potassium, or calcium ion channels) or cellular structures that affect calcium availability. Cardiomyopathies are primarily related to cardiac structural abnormalities that lead to arrhythmias and depend on genetic alterations in structural proteins, including those of sarcomeres, desmosomes, and cytoskeleton. This project seeks to determine genetic variants using next generation sequencing in a pilot sample of Colombian patients diagnosed with inherited cardiac conditions: long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Twenty-five unrelated patients with ages of disease onset between 9 and 55 years were included in this study. The mean time to diagnose hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was 2 years and for long QT syndrome it was 10.1 years. There is a significant difference in the time interval that it takes to diagnose hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and long QT syndrome (p <0.01). The age at which severe events occur, divided into, loss of consciousness (19.3 years) and without loss of consciousness (33 years) shows a significant difference (p <0.01). Peripheral blood DNA isolation and subsequent massive parallel sequencing were performed. The data obtained were compared with the reference sequence, and the variants found were checked against international databases and scientific literature. Causative mutations were identified in 52% of the subjects, 13 in total. Two novel mutations were found, a nonsense variant in the DSP gene in a patient with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, and another frameshift variant in the KCNE1 gene in two patients with long QT syndrome. Younger individuals (i.e., those <18 years of age) had the highest yield of genetic testing (66.6%) compared with 50% and 20% in young adults and patients over 40 years, respectively. The test yield for long QT syndrome was 62.5%. Patients with this diagnosis had 4 times more events with loss of consciousness. Resuscitated sudden cardiac arrest was more representative compared to other conditions. Likewise, all patients who presented a severe event while exercising have a positive genetic test. For hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the test yield was 45.4%. Sarcomeric genes were involved in four of the pathogenic or probably pathogenic variants while one subject had a non-sarcomeric causing variant. Two missense variants and 1 intronic mutation cataloged as variants of uncertain significance were identified; one found in a phenocopy gene, LAMP2. This study is the first in Colombia to evaluate altogether channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. It highlights the need to perform mutational analysis in this group of diseases, in order to provide adequate genetic counseling to families and to be able to identify patients at risk of severe events. Finding a significant and representative sample from all regions of the country is probably the main shortcoming of this kind of research. We believe in the importance of setting groups with clinical and molecular expertise, with centralized information on patients, through strategic alliances between cardiovascular institutions and molecular diagnostic laboratories in the country.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.researchareaAlteraciones Moleculares en Miocardiopatíasspa
dc.format.extent1 recurso en linea (113 paginas)spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79466
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicinaspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotáspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Maestría en Genética Humanaspa
dc.relation.indexedRedColspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::612 - Fisiología humanaspa
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::576 - Genética y evoluciónspa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y saludspa
dc.subject.proposalMiocardiopatíaspa
dc.subject.proposalCanalopatíaspa
dc.subject.proposalMiocardiopatía hipertróficaspa
dc.subject.proposalMiocardiopatía arritmogénicaspa
dc.subject.proposalSíndrome de QT largospa
dc.subject.proposalSíndrome de Brugadaspa
dc.subject.proposalCardiomyopathyeng
dc.subject.proposalChannelopathyeng
dc.subject.proposalHypertrophic cardiomyopathyeng
dc.subject.proposalArrhythmogenic cardiomyopathyeng
dc.subject.proposalLong QT syndromeeng
dc.subject.proposalBrugada syndromeeng
dc.subject.proposalGeneticseng
dc.subject.proposalColombiaspa
dc.subject.proposalGenéticaspa
dc.subject.unescoGenética humana
dc.subject.unescoCiencias médicas
dc.titleDeterminación de variantes genéticas en una muestra de población colombiana con miocardiopatías hereditarias: Un estudio pilotospa
dc.title.translatedDetermination of genetic variants in a Colombian population sample with hereditary cardiomyopathies: A pilot studyeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
oaire.fundernameVicedecanaturas de Investigación y Extensión, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa

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