Niveles séricos de litio y aparición de efectos adversos durante la fase de mantenimiento en el tratamiento de trastorno afectivo bipolar: una revisión sistemática

dc.contributor.advisorJaramillo González, Luis Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorRico Castrellón, Carlos Guillermo
dc.contributor.researcherVallejo Ortega María Teresa
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-29T20:53:13Z
dc.date.available2024-01-29T20:53:13Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas,
dc.description.abstractNiveles séricos de litio y aparición de efectos adversos durante la fase de mantenimiento en el tratamiento de trastorno afectivo bipolar: una revisión sistemática Introducción. El trastorno bipolar (TB) es una enfermedad crónica que cursa con periodos de recaída y remisión que tienen un impacto significativo a nivel de morbimortalidad y de salud pública. Desde el auge de la psicofarmacología y el desarrollo psicofármacos se ha disminuido las tasas de recaída y el impacto a nivel de morbimortalidad de los pacientes, y si bien el arsenal terapéutico ha aumentado, el litio sigue siendo el tratamiento de elección en la gran mayoría de guías de práctica clínica desarrolladas para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. Sin embargo, su prescripción ha venido disminuyendo en parte como consecuencia de su perfil de seguridad. Si bien los efectos adversos y la toxicidad del litio son frecuente motivo de estudio y son bien conocidos, no hay evidencia precisa respecto al riesgo de aparición de estos dependiendo de los niveles séricos de litio aún en dosis terapéuticas. Objetivo. Evaluar el rol pronóstico de los niveles séricos de litio en la aparición de efectos adversos en pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar en fase de mantenimiento. Métodos. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura en múltiples bases de datos incluyendo estudios de carácter observacional longitudinal y experimental en los que se hizo seguimiento a los niveles séricos de litio de los participantes, y en los que se evaluó la aparición de efectos adversos con relación al uso de este en el tratamiento de trastorno afectivo bipolar a nivel renal, endocrino-metabólico, gastrointestinal, neurológicos, dermatológicos y otros. Así mismo, se realizó un análisis de subgrupos en función de la polaridad de la enfermedad afectiva, el sexo, y la descontinuación como consecuencia de los efectos adversos del litio. Resultados. 14 estudios completaron los criterios de inclusión y de exclusión. Efectos adversos como la poliuria, temblor, molestias gastrointestinales y aumento de peso se relacionan con mayores niveles séricos de litio, pero la frecuencia de estos disminuye tras los primeros seis meses de tratamiento; y tienden a sobrerrepresentarse en pacientes con tendencia a la polaridad depresiva con relación a la eutimia o la polaridad maniaca. Con relación a la asociación entre los niveles séricos de litio y el desarrollo de enfermedad renal crónica, así como de hipotiroidismo, los resultados fueron concluyentes, y parece tener más importancia la edad de inicio del tratamiento y el tiempo de exposición al litio. Salvo por el hipotiroidismo y el aumento de peso, que son más frecuentes en mujeres, no parece haber diferencias significativas en la aparición de efectos adversos por sexo. No parece haber diferencias significativas en la tasa de descontinuación del tratamiento en relación con los niveles séricos de litio. Conclusión. En nuestra revisión no hay evidencia contundente que permita establecer que, al menos a dosis terapéuticas (niveles séricos de litio entre 0,4-1,2mmol/L) exista una asociación entre el aumento de los niveles séricos de litio y el aumento en la frecuencia de efectos adversos. Efectos adversos de autorreporte (poliuria, polidipsia, temblor, ganancia de peso, y quejas gastrointestinales) parecen tener asociación con mayores niveles séricos de litio; sin embargo, su frecuencia disminuye tras los primeros meses de tratamiento. Se requieren de estudios con manejo adecuado de los sesgos de selección y medición y con un adecuado control de variables de confusión, como la presencia de comorbilidades, la edad, la edad de inicio del tratamiento con litio, el tiempo de exposición, el uso de otros medicamentos, entre otros. Palabras clave: trastorno bipolar, litio, niveles séricos, tratamiento de mantenimiento, efectos adversos. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractSerum lithium levels and occurrence of adverse effects during the maintenance phase in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder: a systematic review Introduction. Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic illness characterized by periods of relapse and remission that have a significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and public health. With the rise of psychopharmacology and the development of psychotropic drugs, relapse rates and the impact on patient morbidity and mortality have decreased. Although the therapeutic arsenal has expanded, lithium remains the treatment of choice in most clinical practice guidelines developed for the treatment of this disease. However, its prescription has been decreasing in part due to its safety profile. While the adverse effects and toxicity of lithium are well known, there is no precise evidence regarding the risk of these effects occurring depending on serum lithium levels, even at therapeutic doses. Objective. To evaluate the prognostic role of serum lithium levels in the occurrence of adverse effects in patients with bipolar affective disorder in the maintenance phase. Methods. A systematic review of literature was researched in multiple databases, including longitudinal observational and experimental studies that monitored participant’s serum lithium levels and evaluated the occurrence of adverse effects related to its use in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder in renal, endocrine-metabolic, gastrointestinal, neurological, dermatological, and other aspects. Subgroup analysis was also performed based on the polarity of affective illness, sex, and discontinuation due to lithium's adverse effects. Results. Fourteen studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Adverse effects such as polyuria, tremor, gastrointestinal discomfort, and weight gain are related to higher serum levels of lithium, but the frequency of these effects decreases after the first six months of treatment; and they tend to be overrepresented in patients with a tendency to depressive polarity compared to euthymia or manic polarity. Regarding the association between serum lithium levels and the development of chronic kidney disease as well as hypothyroidism, the results were contradictory and insufficient for metabolic diseases, and the age at the start of treatment and the exposure time to lithium seem to be more important. Except for hypothyroidism and weight gain, which are more frequent in women, there do not seem to be significant differences in the occurrence of adverse effects by sex. There do not seem to be significant differences in the treatment discontinuation rate in relation to serum lithium levels. Conclusion. In our review there was no evidence to establish that, at least at therapeutic doses (serum lithium levels between 0.4-1.2mmol/L), there is an association between the increase in serum lithium levels and the increase in the frequency of adverse effects. Self-reported adverse effects (polyuria, polydipsia, tremor, weight gain, and gastrointestinal complaints) appear to be associated with higher serum lithium levels; however, their frequency decreases after the first months of treatment. Studies with proper management of selection and measurement biases are needed, as well as adequate control of confounding variables, such as the presence of comorbidities, age, age at the start of lithium treatment, exposure time, use of other medications, among others. Keywords: bipolar disorder, lithium, serum levels, maintenance treatment, adverse effects.eng
dc.description.degreelevelEspecialidades Médicasspa
dc.description.degreenameEspecialista en Psiquiatríaspa
dc.format.extentxi, 44 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85502
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicinaspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Especialidad en Psiquiatríaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseReconocimiento 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéuticaspa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::616 - Enfermedadesspa
dc.subject.decsPsicofarmacologíaspaeng
dc.subject.decsPsychopharmacologyspa
dc.subject.decsBipolar Disordereng
dc.subject.decsTranstorno bipolarspa
dc.subject.proposalTrastorno bipolarspa
dc.subject.proposalLitiospa
dc.subject.proposalNiveles séricosspa
dc.subject.proposalTratamiento de mantenimientospa
dc.subject.proposalEfectos adversosspa
dc.subject.proposalBipolar disordereng
dc.subject.proposalLithiumeng
dc.subject.proposalSerum levelseng
dc.subject.proposalMaintenance treatmenteng
dc.subject.proposalAdverse effectseng
dc.titleNiveles séricos de litio y aparición de efectos adversos durante la fase de mantenimiento en el tratamiento de trastorno afectivo bipolar: una revisión sistemáticaspa
dc.title.translatedSerum lithium levels and occurrence of adverse effects during the maintenance phase in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder: a systematic revieweng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Especialidad Médicaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentResponsables políticosspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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