Effect of cement and aggregate substitution in a conventional concrete with alkaline activated cement (AAC) and lightweight aggregates (LWA)

dc.contributor.advisorHoyos Montilla, Ary Alain
dc.contributor.advisorTobón, Jorge Iván
dc.contributor.authorGonzález Betancur, Daniela
dc.contributor.cvlacGonzález, Daniela [https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/EnRecursoHumano/inicio.do]spa
dc.contributor.orcidGonzález-Betancur, Daniela [0000-0001-9595-2394]spa
dc.contributor.researchgateGonzález Betancur, Daniela [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniela-Betancur]spa
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo del Cemento y Materiales de Construcciónspa
dc.contributor.researchgroupMaterialesspa
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-06T15:30:06Z
dc.date.available2024-02-06T15:30:06Z
dc.date.issued2023-12-30
dc.descriptionilustracionesspa
dc.description.abstractAccording to Global Cement and Concrete Association (GCCA), in 2020, the worldwide production of concrete is 1413 m3/year. This massive utilization of concrete production has a significant environmental impact due to the extraction of its raw materials and the production of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). On the other hand, polymers are used in almost all areas of our daily lives. it is estimated that by the year 2050, their production could reach 33 billons t/year. In particular, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) is used as thermal insulation in 85 % of cases, generating a high volume of this plastic waste. Thus, alternative materials such as blended cement and recycled EPS Lightweight Aggregate (EPS LWA) can reduce this detrimental environmental impact. The objective of this research project is to determine the effect on Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) porosity and compressive strength of a Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (LWAC) produced with a blended cementitious matrix composed of OPC and Alkaline Activated Cement (AAC) based on Fly Ash (FA) and an additional source of Calcium (Lime). An experimental design was carried out to identify the proportion of alternative cementitious material and EPS LWA that would provide the highest compressive strength. For this purpose, a compressive strength test was performed at 7th and 28th days of curing. Having the proportions of the alternative materials, a complementary sample was made to evaluate mechanical performance and perform a quantitative analysis of the porosity of the ITZ. Finally, the compressive strength and porosity of ITZ were correlated to evaluate the influence of ITZ microstructure on the mechanical properties of LWAC. XRay Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to identify the formation of gels due to alkaline activation. From this project, it was concluded that the generation of hydration products such as Calcium Aluminate Silicate Hydrate (CA-S-H), caused the densification of the ITZ. However, the reduction in compressive strength observed in the LWAC manufactured in this project could be explained by the anhydrous phases seen in Backscatering Scanning Electron Microscopy (BSEM) images and lower raw material dissolution observed in XRD. Incorporating EPS LWA and Expanded Clays (EC) in an LWAC also physically impacts compressive strength by redistributing stresses in the microstructure of the LWAC. This is due to the inclusion of brittle and ultra-soft materials that differ from cement paste. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of EPS LWA causes a lack of adherence of the cementitious material to this LWA. As a result, compression fracture of the material will occur around the EPS LWA in the void space between the cementitious material and the EPS LWA. Despite that, the compressive strength of the LWAC obtained in this research project could be used to design a concrete structure according to Colombian technical standards for structural design (NSR-10). Thus decreasing the dead loads directly related to its own weight. The results also indicated that it is possible to substitute up to 70 % of the OPC with alternative cementitious materials. This could ultimately translate into savings in the total cost of the work and, with the use of FA and Lime, a reduction in CO2 emissions.eng
dc.description.abstractSegún la Asociación Mundial del Cemento y el Concreto (GCCA), en 2020, la producción mundial de concreto será de 1413 m3/año. Esta utilización masiva de la producción de concreto tiene un impacto medioambiental significativo debido a la extracción de sus materias primas y a la producción de Cemento Portland Ordinario (OPC). Por otro lado, los polímeros se utilizan en casi todos los ámbitos de nuestra vida cotidiana. Se calcula que para el año 2050 su producción podría alcanzar las 33 billones t/año. En particular, el Poliestireno Expandido (EPS) se utiliza como aislante térmico en el 85 % de los casos, generando un elevado volumen de este residuo plástico. Por lo tanto, los materiales alternativos como el cemento hibrido y el árido ligero de EPS reciclado (EPS LWA) pueden reducir este impacto medioambiental perjudicial. El objetivo de este proyecto de investigación es determinar el efecto sobre la porosidad de la Zona de Transición Interfacial (ITZ) y la resistencia a la compresión de un Concreto con Áridos Livianos (LWAC) producido con una matriz cementante mezclada compuesta de OPC y Cemento Alcalino Activado (AAC) basado en Cenizas Volantes (FA) y una fuente adicional de Calcio (Cal). Se llevó a cabo un diseño experimental para identificar la proporción de material cementante alternativo y EPS LWA que proporcionaría la mayor resistencia a la compresión. Para ello, se realizó un ensayo de resistencia a la compresión a los 7 y 28 días de curado. Disponiendo de las proporciones de los materiales alternativos, se realizó una muestra complementaria para evaluar el comportamiento mecánico y realizar un análisis cuantitativo de la porosidad de la ITZ. Por último, se correlacionaron la resistencia a la compresión y la porosidad del ITZ para evaluar la influencia de la microestructura del ITZ en las propiedades mecánicas del LWAC. La difracción de rayos X (XRD) y la espectroscopia infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) se utilizaron para identificar la formación de geles debido a la activación alcalina. A partir de este proyecto, se concluyó que la generación de productos de hidratación, como el silicoaluminato de calcio hidratado (C−A−S−H), causó la densificación de la ITZ. Sin embargo, la reducción de la resistencia a la compresión observada en el LWAC fabricado en este proyecto podría explicarse por las fases anhidras observadas en las imágenes de Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido por Retrodispersión (BSEM) y la menor disolución de materia prima observada en el XRD. La incorporación de EPS LWA y arcillas expandidas (EC) en un LWAC también afecta físicamente a la resistencia a la compresión al redistribuir las tensiones en la microestructura del LWAC. Esto se debe a la inclusión de materiales quebradizos y ultrablandos que difieren de la pasta de cemento. Además, la hidrofobicidad del EPS LWA provoca una falta de adherencia del material cementante a este LWA. Como resultado, la fractura por compresión del material se producirá alrededor del EPS LWA en el espacio vacío entre el material cementante y el EPS LWA. A pesar de esto, la resistencia a la compresión del LWAC obtenida en este proyecto de investigación podría ser utilizada para diseñar una estructura de concreto de acuerdo con las normas técnicas colombianas para el diseño estructural (NSR-10). Disminuyendo así las cargas muertas directamente relacionadas con su propio peso. Los resultados también indicaron que es posible sustituir hasta 70 % del OPC con materiales cementantes alternativos. Esto podría traducirse finalmente en un ahorro en el coste total de la obra y, con el uso de FA y Cal, en una reducción de las emisiones de CO2. (tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.curricularareaÁrea Curricular de Construcción y Hábitatspa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Construcciónspa
dc.description.researchareaNew Alternative Concrete Materialsspa
dc.format.extent90 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85631
dc.language.isoengspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellínspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Arquitecturaspa
dc.publisher.placeMedellín, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programMedellín - Arquitectura - Maestría en Construcciónspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::624 - Ingeniería civilspa
dc.subject.ddc690 - Construcción de edificios::691 - Materiales de construcciónspa
dc.subject.ddc720 - Arquitectura::721 - Materiales arquitectónicos y elementos estructuralesspa
dc.subject.lembCemento
dc.subject.lembMateriales de construcción
dc.subject.lembEstructuras de hormigón
dc.subject.lembResistencia de materiales
dc.subject.lembDiseño de estructuras
dc.subject.proposalInterfacial Transition Zoneeng
dc.subject.proposalCompressive Strengtheng
dc.subject.proposalLightweight Concreteeng
dc.subject.proposalAlkali-Activated cementeng
dc.subject.proposalLightweight Aggregateeng
dc.subject.proposalZona de Transición Interfacialspa
dc.subject.proposalResistencia a Compresiónspa
dc.subject.proposalConcreto Aligeradospa
dc.subject.proposalCemento Activado Alcalinamentespa
dc.subject.proposalArido Livianospa
dc.titleEffect of cement and aggregate substitution in a conventional concrete with alkaline activated cement (AAC) and lightweight aggregates (LWA)eng
dc.title.translatedEfecto de la Sustitución de Cemento y Agregados en un Concreto Convencional por Cemento Activado Alcalinamente (CAA) y Agregados Livianos (AL)spa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestrosspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbspa

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