Adaptaciones de sistemas emocionales cerebrales causadas por la exposición crónica a nicotina y su retirada prolongada

dc.contributor.advisorLamprea Rodriguez, Marisolspa
dc.contributor.advisorOrtega Murillo, Leonardo Augustospa
dc.contributor.authorNovoa Paloma, Carlos Eduardospa
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-14T17:36:14Zspa
dc.date.available2021-01-14T17:36:14Zspa
dc.date.issued2020-12-09spa
dc.description.abstractMultiple learning and memory systems interact to produce adapted responses to environmental demands. However, these interactions can result in abnormal response patterns when events that control brain organization favor one system over the others. In this sense, the potential of drugs of abuse to generate long-term behavioral adaptations could lie in their ability to promote neural reorganization processes that alter fundamental brain functions (e.g. reinforcement and stress response) and, consequently, individual sensitivity to different stimuli and learning situations. The present study examined the long-term adaptation of brain emotional systems and their modulation of learning processes and spatial memory, during a period of protracted withdrawal after chronic exposure to nicotine. Two experiments were performed. For the first experiment 22 male Wistar rats were treated with nicotine (0.14 mg/kg free base) or vehicle (0.9% saline solution), administered by one subcutaneous (s.c.) injection per day for a period of 21 days. Following this, the treatment was suspended for a period of 30 days and then the animals were trained and evaluated on a spatial task using the Barnes maze (LCB). For the second experiment 22 Wistar rats received the same treatment described above and were trained under the same conditions; unlike the first experiment, the animals of the second experiment were challenged with an acute stress event using movement restriction before the recovery test in the LCB. Immediately after the recovery test, brain tissue samples were collected and the induction of the c-Fos protein in response to acute stress was determined by means of an immunohistochemical assay. The results showed that: 1) for the short term, chronic nicotine induced sensitization of locomotor activity; 2) for the long term, chronic nicotine did not affect acquisition in the LCB, but improved performance during the recovery test under standard conditions; 3) in contrast, for the long term, chronic nicotine impaired recovery performance in the LCB under the effects of stress, and 4) selectively increased the induction of the c-Fos protein in response to acute stress in regions of brain emotional systems. Together, these results may suggest that nicotine exerts modulatory actions on learning and memory processes thanks to the remodeling of regions involved in emotional processing, taking advantage of molecular mechanisms recruited during chronic exposure to the drug.spa
dc.description.abstractMúltiples sistemas de aprendizaje y memoria interactúan para producir respuestas ajustadas a las exigencias del ambiente. Sin embargo, estas interacciones pueden resultar en patrones de respuesta anormales cuando eventos que controlan procesos de organización cerebral favorecen a un sistema sobre los demás. En este sentido, el potencial de las drogas de abuso para generar adaptaciones comportamentales de largo plazo podría radicar en su capacidad para promover procesos de reorganización neural que afectan funciones cerebrales fundamentales (e.g. refuerzo y respuesta de estrés) y la sensibilidad individual a diferentes estímulos y a las situaciones de aprendizaje. En el presente estudio se examinó la adaptación a largo plazo de sistemas emocionales cerebrales y su modulación de procesos de aprendizaje y memoria espacial, durante un periodo de retirada prolongada posterior a la exposición crónica a nicotina. Para esto se realizaron dos experimentos. En el primer experimento 22 ratas Wistar macho fueron tratadas con nicotina (0.14 mg/kg base libre) o vehículo (solución salina 0.9%), suministrados por medio de una inyección diaria por vía subcutánea (s.c.) por un periodo de 21 días. Posteriormente, el tratamiento fue suspendido por un periodo de 30 días y después los animales fueron entrenados y evaluados en la tarea espacial del laberinto circular de Barnes (LCB). En el segundo experimento 22 ratas Wistar recibieron el mismo tratamiento descrito anteriormente y fueron entrenadas bajo las mismas condiciones; a diferencia del primer experimento, los animales del segundo experimento fueron desafiados con un evento de estrés agudo por restricción de movimientos antes de la prueba de recobro en el LCB. Inmediatamente después de la prueba de recobro se recolectaron muestras de tejido cerebral y se determinaron los niveles de inducción de la proteína c-Fos en respuesta al estrés agudo por medio de un ensayo de inmunohistoquímica. Los resultados mostraron que: 1) a corto plazo la nicotina crónica indujo sensibilización de la actividad locomotriz; 2) a largo plazo la nicotina crónica no afectó la adquisición en el LCB, pero mejoró el desempeño durante el recobro bajo condiciones estándar; 3) en contraste, a largo plazo la nicotina crónica deterioró el desempeño durante el recobro en el LCB bajo los efectos del estrés y 4) incrementó selectivamente la inducción de la proteína c-Fos en respuesta al estrés agudo en regiones de sistemas emocionales cerebrales. En conjunto, estos resultados podrían sugerir que la nicotina ejerce acciones moduladoras de los procesos de aprendizaje y memoria gracias a la remodelación de regiones implicadas en el procesamiento emocional, sacando provecho de mecanismos moleculares reclutados durante la exposición crónica a la droga.spa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.projectConvocatoria nacional para el apoyo a proyectos de investigación y creación artística de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia 2017-2018 Proyecto Código 41776spa
dc.description.sponsorshipDirección de Investigación y Extensión de la sede Bogotá Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.format.extent148spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/78737
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.departmentDepartamento de Psicologíaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias Humanas - Maestría en Psicologíaspa
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dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.spaAcceso abiertospa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc150 - Psicología::156 - Psicología comparadaspa
dc.subject.proposalMúltiples sistema de memoriaspa
dc.subject.proposalMultiple memory systemeng
dc.subject.proposalRetirada prolongadaspa
dc.subject.proposalChronic nicotineeng
dc.subject.proposalEstrésspa
dc.subject.proposalProtracted withdrawaleng
dc.subject.proposalProteína c-Fosspa
dc.subject.proposalStresseng
dc.subject.proposalNicotina crónicaspa
dc.subject.proposalC-Fos proteineng
dc.titleAdaptaciones de sistemas emocionales cerebrales causadas por la exposición crónica a nicotina y su retirada prolongadaspa
dc.title.alternativeEmotional brain systems’ adaptations caused by chronic nicotine exposure and protracted withdrawalspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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