Tendencias y orientaciones futuras en la reforma a la política tributaria: perspectiva latinoamericana
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Shome, Parthasarathi
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1994
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En este trabajo se examina la experiencia de reforma tributaria y la evolución de los ingresos de los países latinoamericanos durante los años ochenta y se identifican con los temas de la reforma tributaria que se debatirán en la década de los noventa. Con las reformas tributarias de los ochenta se derrumbaron las estructuras progresivas a los impuestos de renta y propiedad, y se dio énfasis a los impuestos indirectos, como el Iva, con lo cual perdieron importancia los ingresos por impuestos directos. De modo que en los noventa se reconsiderará el papel de este tipo de impuestos. Se utilizarán distintas formas de gravar a las empresas, tratando de que todas paguen por lo menos un impuesto mínimo, posiblemente sobre sus activos brutos; se intentará gravar el sector financiero o al uso de los servicios financieros; se volverá a gravar la propiedad; se impondrán impuestos a la contaminación ambiental; se difundirá el sistema de retenciones y se verán esfuerzos de armonización tributaria entre los países latinoamericanos, sobre todo en la áreas de impuestos a la renta de capital, doble tributación sobre el ingreso personal, aranceles aduaneros e Iva.
This article examines experiences in tax reform and the evolution of income in Latin America during the 1980s, and identifies the areas of reform to be debated in the 1990s. The reforms of the 1980s removed the progressive rates applicable to income and assets and the focus shifted to indirect taxes such as Value-Added Tax, leaving direct taxation in second place. During the 1990s, the importance of direct taxation will be raised again, Businesses will betaxed in new ways, to ensure that all pay some tax, possibly based on their gross assets. Attempts will be made to tax the financial sector, or the use of financial services. Property will again be taxed. Pollution will be taxes. The system of withholdings will be more widespread, and their will be efforts to harmonize taxation systems in Latin America, especially in the area of capital yields, double taxation of personal income, customs duties and value-added taxes.
This article examines experiences in tax reform and the evolution of income in Latin America during the 1980s, and identifies the areas of reform to be debated in the 1990s. The reforms of the 1980s removed the progressive rates applicable to income and assets and the focus shifted to indirect taxes such as Value-Added Tax, leaving direct taxation in second place. During the 1990s, the importance of direct taxation will be raised again, Businesses will betaxed in new ways, to ensure that all pay some tax, possibly based on their gross assets. Attempts will be made to tax the financial sector, or the use of financial services. Property will again be taxed. Pollution will be taxes. The system of withholdings will be more widespread, and their will be efforts to harmonize taxation systems in Latin America, especially in the area of capital yields, double taxation of personal income, customs duties and value-added taxes.