Diseño de una propuesta didáctica para la enseñanza de los cálculos químicos en la educación media desde la función formativa de la evaluación
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Cermeño Estrada, José Gregorio
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2014
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Resumen: La enseñanza de las ciencias naturales, y en especial la química, basa su estudio en las representaciones mentales que realizan los estudiantes acerca de los fenómenos y procesos que en ella se dan, en muchos de los cuales se llevan a cabo transformaciones a nivel atómico o molecular que para el estudiante se tornan difíciles de comprender pero que para un científico es posible cuantificar. El estudio de la química se ha visto relacionado con labores netamente prácticas o de laboratorio y a su vez como un área de mucha dificultad debido a su estrecha relación con las matemáticas. Uno de los temas complejos para el aprendizaje - y en ocasiones para la enseñanza - es el que hace referencia a los cálculos químicos o estequiometria debido a la confluencia de preconceptos, teorías y competencias que cada estudiante debe tener y aplicar, no solo desde la química sino también desde las matemáticas, a lo que se suma el hecho que los estudiantes y profesores se fijan más en la calificación o nota con la cual se evalúa – o califica – que en el nivel de comprensión al que se llega. Es por esta razón que se propone el diseño de una unidad didáctica que permita un mejor y mayor acercamiento al aprendizaje y enseñanza de la estequiometria en el grado undécimo de la educación media apoyados en la función formativa de la evaluación y en el uso de recursos de modelación computacional, para ello se pretende abordar una serie de fases o etapas que permitan determinar un proceso lo más adecuado posible para promover un aprendizaje significativo del tema en cuestión.
Abstract: The teaching of natural sciences, particularly chemistry, based their study on mental representations that the students about phenomena and processes that occur within them, many of which are held at the atomic level transformations or molecular to the student become difficult to understand but for a scientist can be quantified. The study of the chemical has been associated with purely practical or laboratory work and in turn as a subject of great difficulty because of its close relationship with mathematics. One of the complex issues for learning - and teaching- sometimes is referred to chemical stoichiometry calculations or due to the confluence of preconceptions, theories and skills that each student must have and apply, not only from the chemical but also from mathematics, to which is added the fact that students and teachers pay more attention to the score or note which is evaluated at the level of understanding that is reached. It is for this reason that the design of a teaching unit that allows a better and closer to the learning and teaching of stoichiometry in the eleventh grade high school supported by the formative role of assessment and the use of resources is proposed computational modeling, it is intended to address a number of phases or stages for determining an appropriate process as possible to promote meaningful learning of the subject matter.
Abstract: The teaching of natural sciences, particularly chemistry, based their study on mental representations that the students about phenomena and processes that occur within them, many of which are held at the atomic level transformations or molecular to the student become difficult to understand but for a scientist can be quantified. The study of the chemical has been associated with purely practical or laboratory work and in turn as a subject of great difficulty because of its close relationship with mathematics. One of the complex issues for learning - and teaching- sometimes is referred to chemical stoichiometry calculations or due to the confluence of preconceptions, theories and skills that each student must have and apply, not only from the chemical but also from mathematics, to which is added the fact that students and teachers pay more attention to the score or note which is evaluated at the level of understanding that is reached. It is for this reason that the design of a teaching unit that allows a better and closer to the learning and teaching of stoichiometry in the eleventh grade high school supported by the formative role of assessment and the use of resources is proposed computational modeling, it is intended to address a number of phases or stages for determining an appropriate process as possible to promote meaningful learning of the subject matter.
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Palabras clave
Cálculos ; Reacciones ; Materia ; Leyes ; Estequiometria ; Matemáticas ; Operaciones ; Guía didáctica ; Calculations ; Reactions ; Materials ; Laws ; Stoichiometry ; Mathematics ; Operations ; Tutorial