Emisión de Gases de Efecto Invernadero y contenidos de Carbono y Nitrógeno del suelo en un agroecosistema ganadero Altoandino en Tenerife, Valle del Cauca
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Se evaluaron los contenidos de Carbono y Nitrógeno edáfico y la emisión de GEI del suelo en un agroecosistema ganadero altoandino localizado en Tenerife, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Se realizó la medición de propiedades fisicoquímicas y biológicas; contenidos de C y N en tres coberturas vegetales: bosques naturales, potreros de Kikuyo Pennisetum clandestinum y cultivos de cebolla junca Allium fistulosum, asi como, la determinación de la abundancia natural de isotopos estables δ13C y δ15N del suelo y los flujos de GEI (CO2, CH4 y N2O) en bosques y potreros. Los contenidos de MO (g kg-1) de los potreros (194) fueron más altos que los de las coberturas de bosques (147.3) y cultivo (60,81). También, se encontraron diferencias significativas (P0.05) entre los %C: 11.6, 8.9, 3,5 y %N: 1.2, 0.8, 0.3 de las coberturas de potreros, bosques y cultivo de cebolla, respectivamente. Se determinó que el C almacenado en los 0.20 m de profundidad del suelo en zonas de potreros fue reemplazado en un 100% por la vegetación C4, y no existe C remanente de la vegetación C3 que habia antes de la potrerización. Los valores de δ13C encontrados en potreros estuvieron entre -12,01 y -11,85‰ y en los bosques de -26,03‰; para δ15N, los valores fueron 11.1‰ y 7.93‰ en potreros y bosques, respectivamente. Los flujos positivos de CO2 en los potreros, fueron más altos en comparación a los de los bosques (3.92 y 2.23 Kg m-2 año-1, respectivamente). No se evidenciaron emisiones de CH4 (mg m-2 año-1) en bosques (-110.84) ni en potreros (-71.06); en contraste, se encontraron emisiones de N2O (g m-2 año-1) en potreros: 3.29 y bosques: 0.80. Los resultados anteriores, permiten establecer una línea base para la formulación de alternativas tecnológicas de manejo sostenible de estos agroecosistemas, encaminadas hacia el secuestro de C, y para mitigar la emisión de GEI.
//Abstract: The contents soil Carbon and Nitrogen and Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions in cattle High-Andean agroecosystem located at Tenerife Valle del Cauca, Colombia was evaluated. In natural forests, Kikuyu Pennisetum clandestinum pastures and Onion Allium fistulosum cropping was determined the physicochemical and biological properties, C and N contents, as well the natural abundance of stable isotopes δ13C δ15N and soil GHG fluxes (CO2, CH4 and N2O) in forests and pastures. The OM contents (g kg-1) of the paddocks (194) were higher than native vegetation (147.3) and cropping (60.81). Also, significant differences (P0.05) were found between the %C: 11.6, 8.9, and 3,5, %N: 1.2, 0.8 and 0.3 pastures, forests and onion cropping, respectively. It was determined that C stored in top 0.2 m deep soil areas of pastures was replaced a 100% by C4 vegetation, and there is no remnant C of the C3 vegetation that there was before the paddock. δ13C values were found in pastures between -12.01 and -11.85‰ and native vegetation -26.03‰; for δ15N values were 11.1‰ and 7.93‰ in pastures and forests, respectively. The positive CO2 fluxes in the paddocks were higher compared to forest (3.92 and 2.23 kg m-2 yr-1, respectively). CH4 not emissions (mg m-2 yr-1) in forests (-110.84) or pasture (-71.06) were evident; in contrast, N2O emissions (g m-2 yr-1) were found in pastures 3.29 and Forests: 0.80. Thus, the outcome of this study will provide basis for the development of alternative technologies for sustainable management of these agroecosystems, aiming toward C sequestration to mitigate GHG emissions.
//Abstract: The contents soil Carbon and Nitrogen and Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions in cattle High-Andean agroecosystem located at Tenerife Valle del Cauca, Colombia was evaluated. In natural forests, Kikuyu Pennisetum clandestinum pastures and Onion Allium fistulosum cropping was determined the physicochemical and biological properties, C and N contents, as well the natural abundance of stable isotopes δ13C δ15N and soil GHG fluxes (CO2, CH4 and N2O) in forests and pastures. The OM contents (g kg-1) of the paddocks (194) were higher than native vegetation (147.3) and cropping (60.81). Also, significant differences (P0.05) were found between the %C: 11.6, 8.9, and 3,5, %N: 1.2, 0.8 and 0.3 pastures, forests and onion cropping, respectively. It was determined that C stored in top 0.2 m deep soil areas of pastures was replaced a 100% by C4 vegetation, and there is no remnant C of the C3 vegetation that there was before the paddock. δ13C values were found in pastures between -12.01 and -11.85‰ and native vegetation -26.03‰; for δ15N values were 11.1‰ and 7.93‰ in pastures and forests, respectively. The positive CO2 fluxes in the paddocks were higher compared to forest (3.92 and 2.23 kg m-2 yr-1, respectively). CH4 not emissions (mg m-2 yr-1) in forests (-110.84) or pasture (-71.06) were evident; in contrast, N2O emissions (g m-2 yr-1) were found in pastures 3.29 and Forests: 0.80. Thus, the outcome of this study will provide basis for the development of alternative technologies for sustainable management of these agroecosystems, aiming toward C sequestration to mitigate GHG emissions.