Muestreo de suelos para la fertilización nitrogenada a tasa variable en el Valle del Cauca
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En la actualidad el manejo de la fertilización para los lotes cultivados en caña de azúcar se hace como si fuera en grandes bloques uniformes a pesar de la gran variación que presentan los suelos en el Valle de Cauca, con el propósito de identificar la variabilidad del suelo y optimizar la distancia de toma de muestras se usaron datos provenientes de un muestreo sistemático en red de 20x20 metros en tres lotes para un área efectiva de 11.00 hectáreas y un total de 275 sitios. El suelo evaluado es un molisol caracterizado por ser de color negro o muy oscuro. El análisis geoestadístico de los datos se realizó en las siguientes etapas. Análisis exploratorio de los datos, análisis de semivariogramas, interpolación y validación cruzada. Para evaluar la necesidad de nitrógeno se realizó indirectamente con base en el contenido de la materia orgánica. El análisis geoestadístico mostro dependencia espacial con alcances que varían entre 27 y 290 metros. Los resultados de interpolación por kriging simple en ArcGis, indican que el mapa de fertilidad, usado para recomendación de nitrógeno, suministra una información bastante acertada y puede ser usado en la aplicación de nitrógeno a tasa variable, de manera más eficiente.
//Abstract: At present, fertilization management for most sugar cane crop is still managed as a continuous uniform area despite a large variation of soils in Valle del Cauca. In order to identify the spatial soil variation and optimize distance sampling data from a systematic sampling network was used (20 x 20) from three lots at a distance of 20 meters each in an effective area of 11.00 h., for a total of 275 sites. The soil evaluated was a deep dark mollisol. The geostatistical analysis of data was performed in the following stages: Exploratory data analysis, semivariogram analysis, interpolation and cross-validation. Nitrogen requirement was determined by total organic carbon. Summary statistics were calculated and spatial dependence was determined at a range varying between 27 m to 290 m. The results of Krigging interpolation and spatial dependence variability of total organic carbon allow modeling their spatial distribution of reliable soil maps that provide fairly accurate information for the use of variable nitrogen rate application.
//Abstract: At present, fertilization management for most sugar cane crop is still managed as a continuous uniform area despite a large variation of soils in Valle del Cauca. In order to identify the spatial soil variation and optimize distance sampling data from a systematic sampling network was used (20 x 20) from three lots at a distance of 20 meters each in an effective area of 11.00 h., for a total of 275 sites. The soil evaluated was a deep dark mollisol. The geostatistical analysis of data was performed in the following stages: Exploratory data analysis, semivariogram analysis, interpolation and cross-validation. Nitrogen requirement was determined by total organic carbon. Summary statistics were calculated and spatial dependence was determined at a range varying between 27 m to 290 m. The results of Krigging interpolation and spatial dependence variability of total organic carbon allow modeling their spatial distribution of reliable soil maps that provide fairly accurate information for the use of variable nitrogen rate application.