Diferencias y similitudes relacionadas con las oportunidades perdidas de vacunación en tres localidades de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C.
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Méndez Castillo, Jaime Alberto
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Se planteó un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo e interpretativo, con el objetivo de comprender las diferencias y similitudes relacionadas con las oportunidades perdidas de vacunación (OPDV) en las localidades de San Cristóbal, Suba y Usaquén de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. Para tal fin se tomaron en total 21 entrevistas semiestructuradas correspondientes a profesionales no PAI, profesionales PAI y vacunadores de cada una de las localidades en mención y se analizaron a través del método de análisis de contenido. Se encontró principalmente que los profesionales PAI y no PAI desconocen el tema de las OPDV en las tres localidades, mientras que las actitudes del personal y profesionales de la salud, las falsas contraindicaciones de profesionales de la salud y padres de familia, las actitudes de la población frente al tema de las vacunas y otras causas de OPDV como las migraciones, entre otros, presentaron tanto similitudes como diferencias en cada una de las localidades, dentro de los establecimientos que prestan servicios de vacunación y fuera de ellos. Se logra concluir que pese a la existencia de un programa PAI que establece lineamientos para vacunación infantil, aun se siguen presentando bajas coberturas en el programa, las cuales posiblemente se explican por razones de no vacunación generadas dentro y fuera de las instituciones de salud; razón por la cual esta investigación permite dar un aporte al concepto que emite la OMS respecto a una OPDV y se deja abierto, para continuar indagando en otras investigaciones relacionadas con el tema, por las características socioculturales, económicas y político administrativas, que subyacen alrededor de la vacunación en general y de las OPDV en particular.
Abstract. A qualitative, descriptive and interpretative study have raised, in order to understand the differences and similarities related to missed opportunities for vaccination (OPDV) in the localities of San Cristóbal, Suba and Usaquén Bogotá DC. To this end were taken a total of 21 semi-structured interviews under occupational no PAI PAI professionals and vaccinators in each of the towns in question and analyzed through content analysis method. Mainly found that PAI PAI and no professional knowledge of the issue of OPDV in the three localities, while attitudes of staff and health professionals, false contraindications for health professionals and parents, attitudes population on the issue of vaccines and other causes of OPDV as migration, among others, showed both similarities and differences in each of the towns within facilities providing immunization services and outside them. Is achieved conclude that despite the existence of a PAI program that establishes guidelines for childhood immunization, even low coverages are still presented in the program, which may be explained by reasons for non-vaccination generated within and outside the health institutions; why this research can give a contribution to the concept that emits WHO regarding a OPDV and left open, to continue searching in other investigations related topic, socio-cultural, economic and administrative policy that underlie about vaccination in general and particularly OPDV.
Abstract. A qualitative, descriptive and interpretative study have raised, in order to understand the differences and similarities related to missed opportunities for vaccination (OPDV) in the localities of San Cristóbal, Suba and Usaquén Bogotá DC. To this end were taken a total of 21 semi-structured interviews under occupational no PAI PAI professionals and vaccinators in each of the towns in question and analyzed through content analysis method. Mainly found that PAI PAI and no professional knowledge of the issue of OPDV in the three localities, while attitudes of staff and health professionals, false contraindications for health professionals and parents, attitudes population on the issue of vaccines and other causes of OPDV as migration, among others, showed both similarities and differences in each of the towns within facilities providing immunization services and outside them. Is achieved conclude that despite the existence of a PAI program that establishes guidelines for childhood immunization, even low coverages are still presented in the program, which may be explained by reasons for non-vaccination generated within and outside the health institutions; why this research can give a contribution to the concept that emits WHO regarding a OPDV and left open, to continue searching in other investigations related topic, socio-cultural, economic and administrative policy that underlie about vaccination in general and particularly OPDV.