Recuperación energética de porquinaza y formulación de insumos para un sistema acoplado cerdos - pastos - leche en el norte de Antioquia
Autores
Tamayo Londoño, Andrea
Director
Tipo de contenido
Trabajo de grado - Maestría
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EspañolFecha de publicación
2015-03-16
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Resumen
Resumen: La porquinaza es el residuo más importantes y de difícil manejo de los sistemas productivos porcícolas, debido a las características fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas, además de los altos volúmenes generados. La práctica común es la aplicación de la porquinaza en tierras de cultivo como fertilizante, sin embargo, esto se ha convertido en una problemática generando impactos ambientales negativos en el ecosistema en el que se ubica el sistema productivo. En la presente investigación se propuso la implementación de un sistema de digestión anaerobia multi-etapa a escala piloto para la recuperación energética y material de la porquinaza, este cuenta con un reactor UASB (Upflow anaerobic sludge bed) conectado en serie con un FAFA (Filtro anaerobio de flujo ascendente), cada uno con un volumen útil de 28 L y 49 L respectivamente. El sistema fue operado a temperatura ambiente en un régimen continuo, modificando la tasa de carga orgánica mediante la variación de caudales para definir los rangos de operación óptima. Con la operación estable del sistema se obtuvo un porcentaje de remoción de materia orgánica del 89% (± 7), un rendimiento promedio de biogás de 0.723 L biogás L reactor-1 d-1 con un porcentaje de metano del 75%. La caracterización fisicoquímica del efluente, en comparación con la porquinaza fresca, evidencio altos contenidos de nitrógeno, baja relación carbono: nitrógeno, reducción significativa en el olor, ausencia de entero bacterias y Salmonella sp, además el lodo del reactor UASB tiene altas concentraciones de fosforo, es decir, que este sistema se configura como alternativa para la estabilización de la porquinaza, reduciendo la carga orgánica, eliminando los problemas sanitarios y generando biogás y un efluente con potencial para la fertilización de pastos. Finalmente, la evaluación del impacto ambiental evidencio los beneficios ambientales de la implementación de este sistema de tratamiento.
Abstract: Pig slurry is the most pollutant and hard to handle residue of the swine industry, because of physicochemical and microbiological characteristics and high volumes generate. Common practice is the application of pig slurry directly thought lands as a fertilizer, however, this has become a problem generating negative environmental impacts on the ecosystem in which the production system is located. In this research was proposed the implementation of a pilot scale system of multi-stage anaerobic digestion for energy recovery and material recovery to pig slurry, the system has an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactor connected in series to an Upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) reactor with a useful volume of 28 L and 49 L respectively. The system was operated at room temperature under continuous regime, modifying the organic loading rate (OLR) by varying flow rates to define optimal operating ranges. With stable operation of the system a remotion of organic matter of 89% (± 7) was obtained, and a yield biogas production of 0.723 L biogas L reactor day-1 with 75 % of methane. The physicochemical characterization of the effluent, as compared with fresh pig slurry, showed high levels of nitrogen, low relation of carbon-nitrogen , significant reduction in odor, absence of enterobacter and Salmonella sp, additionally, the UASB sludge has high concentrations of phosphorus, which means that this system can be an alternative for the stabilization of pig slurry, reducing the organic load, eliminating health problems, generating biogas and an effluent with potential for fertilization of grasses. Finally, the environmental impact assessment evidenced the environmental benefits of the implementation of this treatment system
Abstract: Pig slurry is the most pollutant and hard to handle residue of the swine industry, because of physicochemical and microbiological characteristics and high volumes generate. Common practice is the application of pig slurry directly thought lands as a fertilizer, however, this has become a problem generating negative environmental impacts on the ecosystem in which the production system is located. In this research was proposed the implementation of a pilot scale system of multi-stage anaerobic digestion for energy recovery and material recovery to pig slurry, the system has an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactor connected in series to an Upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) reactor with a useful volume of 28 L and 49 L respectively. The system was operated at room temperature under continuous regime, modifying the organic loading rate (OLR) by varying flow rates to define optimal operating ranges. With stable operation of the system a remotion of organic matter of 89% (± 7) was obtained, and a yield biogas production of 0.723 L biogas L reactor day-1 with 75 % of methane. The physicochemical characterization of the effluent, as compared with fresh pig slurry, showed high levels of nitrogen, low relation of carbon-nitrogen , significant reduction in odor, absence of enterobacter and Salmonella sp, additionally, the UASB sludge has high concentrations of phosphorus, which means that this system can be an alternative for the stabilization of pig slurry, reducing the organic load, eliminating health problems, generating biogas and an effluent with potential for fertilization of grasses. Finally, the environmental impact assessment evidenced the environmental benefits of the implementation of this treatment system
Abstract
Palabras clave
Porquinaza ; Digestión anaerobia ; Reactor UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed) ; Reactor FAFA (Filtro Anaerobio de Flujo Ascendente) ; Fertilizantes orgánicos ; Evaluación de impacto ambiental ; Biogás ; Pig slurry ; Plantas procesadoras de biogás ; Productos de residuos como combustible ; Anaerobic digestion ; UASB reactor (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed) ; AF reactor (Anaerobic Filter) ; Organic fertilizers ; Biogas ; Environmental impact analysis ; Biogas processing plants ; Waste products as fuel