Problemas administrativos y financieros del crédito agropecuario en Colombia
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Financiar el campo es de vital importancia para desarrollar explotaciones de pequeños y medianos productores agropecuarios, contribuye a la generación de riqueza nacional e incide en las condiciones de vida del campesinado; el crédito rural en este sentido, se constituye como la principal herramienta de intervención estatal dentro de las estructuras sociales agropecuarias. El sector alberga cerca de 2,7 millones de productores en la actividad rural, de estos un 11,1% recibió crédito de fomento durante el 2013. Si bien las cifras de colocaciones han aumentado en la última década, el monto de los créditos se ha visto disminuido para pequeños y medianos productores. Para lograr capitalizar organizaciones agropecuarias, no basta con tener disponibilidad de recursos financieros, es necesario contar con prácticas administrativas acordes a requerimientos financieros, de mercado y de producción. Este trabajo implemento herramientas de investigación cualitativa, determinando los principales problemas administrativos y financieros de pequeños y medianos productores del sector agropecuario ubicados en la Sabana de Bogotá, que habían asumido crédito rural. Se explicó su dinámica mediante el análisis de cuatro categorías halladas durante el análisis de la información recolectada: planeación administrativa, productiva, financiera y de mercados. Adicionalmente, se determinaron las principales prácticas del sistema crediticio, mediante el análisis de cinco procesos que se desprenden de la investigación: control de inversión, viabilidad, planificación, requisitos y trámites del crédito, encontrando la relación entre los requerimientos del sistema y las prácticas que asumen los productores ante estos.
Abstract: Keywords: qualitative methodology, agricultural credit, management planning, financial planning, production planning, market planning. Financing the field is vital to develop farms of small and medium farmers, it contributes to the generation of national wealth and affects the living conditions of the peasantry; rural credit in this sense, is established as the main tool of state intervention in agricultural social structures. The sector is home to about 2.7 million farmers in rural activity, 11.1% of these received rural credits from the government in 2013. Even though lending figures have increased in the last decade, the amount of credits has been reduced for small and medium producers. To achieve the capitalization of agricultural organizations, not enough to have availability of financial resources, it is necessary to have consistent administrative practices to financial requirements, market and production. This work implement tools of qualitative research, determining the main administrative and financial problems of small and medium agricultural producers located in the Sabana de Bogotá, who had taken rural credit. Its dynamics are explained by analyzing four categories found during the analysis of the collected information: administrative, productive, financial and market planning. Additionally, the main practices of the credit system were determined by analyzing five processes that emerge from the research: investment control, feasibility, planning, requirements and procedures of credit, finding the relationship between the system requirements and practices that assume the producers to these requirements.
Abstract: Keywords: qualitative methodology, agricultural credit, management planning, financial planning, production planning, market planning. Financing the field is vital to develop farms of small and medium farmers, it contributes to the generation of national wealth and affects the living conditions of the peasantry; rural credit in this sense, is established as the main tool of state intervention in agricultural social structures. The sector is home to about 2.7 million farmers in rural activity, 11.1% of these received rural credits from the government in 2013. Even though lending figures have increased in the last decade, the amount of credits has been reduced for small and medium producers. To achieve the capitalization of agricultural organizations, not enough to have availability of financial resources, it is necessary to have consistent administrative practices to financial requirements, market and production. This work implement tools of qualitative research, determining the main administrative and financial problems of small and medium agricultural producers located in the Sabana de Bogotá, who had taken rural credit. Its dynamics are explained by analyzing four categories found during the analysis of the collected information: administrative, productive, financial and market planning. Additionally, the main practices of the credit system were determined by analyzing five processes that emerge from the research: investment control, feasibility, planning, requirements and procedures of credit, finding the relationship between the system requirements and practices that assume the producers to these requirements.