Detección de cambios en la línea costera y los efectos del cambio climático relacionados con el incremento del nivel del mar: Distrito de Buenaventura
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Cifuentes Ossa, Maria Alejandra
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Trabajo de grado - Maestría
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EspañolFecha de publicación
2016-11-24
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Este estudio se enfocó en la identificación de los cambios de la línea costera y los efectos del cambio climático por el incremento del nivel del mar (SLR por sus siglas en inglés) en el Distrito de Buenaventura y su entorno en el Pacífico colombiano. Se emplearon imágenes satelitales Landsat (1986, 2001 y 2015) para extraer las líneas costeras. Los cambios se estimaron mediante el método estadístico End Point Rate (EPR), utilizando DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System), desarrollado por el USGS (United States Geological Service). El análisis de SLR, se realizó mediante la proyección de dos escenarios del IPCC (Intergubernmental Panel on Climate Change) (1 y 2m), usando imágenes Landsat, WorldView2 (2015); y un mapa topográfico SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) y de cobertura y usos del suelo. El área de estudio de 409 km fue dividida en 5 zonas. Los resultados indican que en el Distrito de Buenaventura la línea costera ha sido en su mayoría estable en el periodo de estudio. Las áreas con procesos más avanzados de acreción se ubican en la zona 1, cercanas a Pichima en el departamento del Chocó, pero también es en esta zona en donde se encontraron procesos avanzados de erosión, alrededor de Boca de Charambirá. En algunas áreas de las bahías Málaga y Buenaventura en la zona 2, se identificaron procesos de acreción. El análisis reveló que 142km de la costa presenta procesos de erosión y 119km de acreción, mientras que 148km se mantienen estables, en el periodo de análisis. Tales cambios espacio-temporales pueden ser causados por factores naturales y antropogénicos. Los manglares y la vegetación costera corresponden a las zonas potencialmente mayor amenazadas con el SLR proyectado, con áreas de 17.34km2 bajo el escenario de 1m y 17.93km2 bajo el escenario de 2m de SLR. Los asentamientos humanos potencialmente inundables se determinaron en el casco urbano de Buenaventura con un área de 0.25km2 y 0.27km2 para cada escenario, respectivamente. Este estudio demuestra la viabilidad de los sensores remotos en el monitoreo de la dinámica costera y se presenta como un análisis alternativo tendiente a la consecución de estrategias de gestión del litoral en esta región.
//Abstract: This study focused on the identification of shoreline changes and the effects of climate change by sea level rise (SLR by its acronym in English) in the District of Buenaventura and its environment in the Colombian Pacific. Landsat satellite imagery (1986, 2001 and 2015) was used to extract shorelines. Shoreline changes were estimated the statistical method End Point Rate (EPR) using DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System), developed by the USGS (United States Geological Service). SLR analysis was performed by projecting two IPCC (Intergubernmental Panel on Climate Change) scenarios (1 and 2m), using Landsat, WorldView2 (2015) images, and topographic SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) and cover and land use maps. The study area of 409 km was divided into 5 zones. The results indicate that the shoreline has been mostly stable in the District of Buenaventura during the study period. Areas with more advanced processes of accretion are located in zone 1, near Pichima in the department of Choco, also in this zone advanced processes of erosion around Boca de Charambirá was found. In some areas of the Malaga and Buenaventura bays, in zone 2, accretion processes were identified as well. The analysis revealed that 142km of the shoreline was under processes of erosion and 119km under accretion, while 148km remain stable in the period of analysis. Such spatiotemporal changes may be caused by natural and anthropogenic factors. Mangroves and coastal vegetation correspond to higher potentially threatened with SLR projected with areas of 17.34km2 under the 1m raise scenario and 17.93km2 under the 2m SLR scenario. Potentially flooding of human settlements was established in the town of Buenaventura with an area of 0.25km2 and 0.27km2 for each scenario, respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility of remote sensing in monitoring coastal dynamics and is presented as an alternative analysis that aimed towards having coastal management strategies in this region.
//Abstract: This study focused on the identification of shoreline changes and the effects of climate change by sea level rise (SLR by its acronym in English) in the District of Buenaventura and its environment in the Colombian Pacific. Landsat satellite imagery (1986, 2001 and 2015) was used to extract shorelines. Shoreline changes were estimated the statistical method End Point Rate (EPR) using DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System), developed by the USGS (United States Geological Service). SLR analysis was performed by projecting two IPCC (Intergubernmental Panel on Climate Change) scenarios (1 and 2m), using Landsat, WorldView2 (2015) images, and topographic SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) and cover and land use maps. The study area of 409 km was divided into 5 zones. The results indicate that the shoreline has been mostly stable in the District of Buenaventura during the study period. Areas with more advanced processes of accretion are located in zone 1, near Pichima in the department of Choco, also in this zone advanced processes of erosion around Boca de Charambirá was found. In some areas of the Malaga and Buenaventura bays, in zone 2, accretion processes were identified as well. The analysis revealed that 142km of the shoreline was under processes of erosion and 119km under accretion, while 148km remain stable in the period of analysis. Such spatiotemporal changes may be caused by natural and anthropogenic factors. Mangroves and coastal vegetation correspond to higher potentially threatened with SLR projected with areas of 17.34km2 under the 1m raise scenario and 17.93km2 under the 2m SLR scenario. Potentially flooding of human settlements was established in the town of Buenaventura with an area of 0.25km2 and 0.27km2 for each scenario, respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility of remote sensing in monitoring coastal dynamics and is presented as an alternative analysis that aimed towards having coastal management strategies in this region.