Problemas de coordinación entre la nación y el territorio en la implementación de la Ley 1448 de 2011: análisis del diseño institucional y la implementación territorial (2011- 2014)
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La Ley 1448 de 2011 fue promovida por el gobierno nacional como un importante avance en materia de verdad, justicia y reparación para cientos de miles de víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia. Sin embargo, este avance contrasta con los inmensos retos aún enfrenta la ley, en particular, los relacionados con la puesta en marcha territorial de la misma y con la coordinación entre la Nación y el territorio. La presente investigación se propone explicar los factores de diseño institucional y de política local que influyen en la existencia de problemas de dicha coordinación en la implementación de la Ley 1448 de 2011 (durante el periodo 2011 - 2014), resaltando dos temas centrales: i) la precaria estructura de incentivos y monitoreo con la que cuenta la ley y la política de víctimas; y ii) la recepción y ejecución formal de la ley en el ámbito local, en el que las autoridades territoriales privilegian el cumplimiento de requisitos de formulación de instrumentos de planeación, pero no tienen ni la voluntad, ni la capacidad de ejecutar cabalmente dichos instrumentos.
Abstract The Victims Act of Congress 1448 of 2011 was promoted by the national government as an important step forward for truth, justice and reparation for thousands of armed conflict victims in Colombia. However, this advance contrasts with huge challenges still facing the implementation of this law, in particular those related to enforcing the law at the regional and local levels, as well as ensuring the coordination between the national and local authorities. This research aims at explaining the factors of institutional design and local politics that explain the existence of problems such as the lack of coordination in the implementation of this Act (for the period 2011-2014), highlighting two main issues: i) precarious monitoring and incentive structure that have the law and politics of victims and ii) the receipt and formal law enforcement at the local level, where the local authorities favor compliance formulation requirements planning instruments, but have neither the will nor the ability to fully implement those instruments.
Abstract The Victims Act of Congress 1448 of 2011 was promoted by the national government as an important step forward for truth, justice and reparation for thousands of armed conflict victims in Colombia. However, this advance contrasts with huge challenges still facing the implementation of this law, in particular those related to enforcing the law at the regional and local levels, as well as ensuring the coordination between the national and local authorities. This research aims at explaining the factors of institutional design and local politics that explain the existence of problems such as the lack of coordination in the implementation of this Act (for the period 2011-2014), highlighting two main issues: i) precarious monitoring and incentive structure that have the law and politics of victims and ii) the receipt and formal law enforcement at the local level, where the local authorities favor compliance formulation requirements planning instruments, but have neither the will nor the ability to fully implement those instruments.