Composición y abundancia de especies de dinoflagelados asociados a praderas de pastos marinos y macroalgas en la isla de Barú, durante diferentes periodos climáticos
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Ruiz Gómez, Anderson
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La salud humana, la economía y los ecosistemas marinos se han visto afectados en las últimas décadas por el aumento de eventos tóxicos y proliferaciones algales nocivas (FAN), causadas por microalgas. Este incremento ha sido atribuido a una gran variedad de factores que van desde el aumento de la temperatura causada por El Niño o el cambio climático hasta el incremento de nutrientes en las aguas marinas (contaminación antropogénica). En Colombia estos sucesos han generado una serie de consecuencias que van desde la mortandad de peces y aves hasta intoxicaciones humanas. Con el objetivo de determinar la composición y abundancia de dinoflagelados asociados a praderas de pastos marinos y macroalgas en la Isla de Barú, se recolectaron muestras de pastos marinos y macroalgas en tres lugares de la Isla durante abril y septiembre de 2015. En total se hallaron 10 géneros de diatomeas y 3 géneros de dinoflagelados como epífitos de tres especies de pastos marinos Thalassia testudinum, Syringodium filiforme y Halodule wrightii, y una macroalga, Halimeda opuntia. Prorocentrum lima fue el dinoflagelado epifito con mayor presencia, seguido de P. hoffmannianum, Ostreopsis sp. y Gambierdiscus sp. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la abundancia de dinoflagelados ni entre lugares, ni entre meses de muestreo. Aunque la densidad celular de dinoflagelados (1032 ± 1158,2 Células/g de peso seco) no es la más alta en comparación con otros estudios, lo cual puede deberse a la presencia de Thalassia testudinum o a que el año 2015 fue un año altamente influenciado por ¨El Niño¨, los géneros encontrados tanto en la Isla de Barú como en San Andrés Isla (Gambierdiscus, Prorocentrum y Ostreopsis) son de gran importancia debido a que agrupan especies productoras de toxinas y están relacionados con eventos tóxicos como la ciguatera. Se espera que los hallazgos obtenidos en este estudio, proporcionen información básica que ayude en la implementación de futuros planes de gestión del riesgo que permitan disminuir las consecuencias generadas por intoxicación debida a microalgas en zonas costeras del Caribe colombiano.
Abstract. Human health, the economy and marine ecosystems have been affected in recent decades by rising toxic events and harmful algal blooms (HAB), caused by microalgae. This increase has been attributed to a variety of factors ranging from the rise in temperature caused by El Niño event or climate change to increased nutrients in seawater (anthropogenic pollution). In Colombia these events have generated a number of consequences ranging from the death of fish and birds to human poisonings. In order to determine the composition and abundance of dinoflagellates associated with seagrass and macroalgae on Barú Island, samples of seagrass and macroalgae in three places on the island were collected during April and September of 2015. In total ten genera of diatoms and three genera of dinoflagellates were found as epyphytes of three types of seagrass, Thalassia testudinum, Syringodium filiforme and Halodule wrightii and one type of macroalgae, Halimeda opuntia.. Prorocentrum lima was the epiphytic dinoflagellate with more presence, followed by P. hoffmannianum, Ostreopsis sp. and Gambierdiscus sp. There were not statistically significant differences in the abundance of dinoflagellates between sampling sites or months. Although, the cell density of dinoflagellates (1032 ± 1158,2 Cells/g dry weight) is not the highest one in comparison with other studies, probably caused by Thalassia testudinum or by the strong El Niño observed in 2015, the genera found in Barú Island and San Andrés Island (Gambierdiscus, Prorocentrum and Ostreopsis) are very important because they are associated with toxin production and toxic events such as ciguatera. We hope that these results provide basic information to assist in the implementation of future risk management plans in order to decrease the consequences generated by poisoning due to microalgae in coastal areas of the colombian Caribbean.
Abstract. Human health, the economy and marine ecosystems have been affected in recent decades by rising toxic events and harmful algal blooms (HAB), caused by microalgae. This increase has been attributed to a variety of factors ranging from the rise in temperature caused by El Niño event or climate change to increased nutrients in seawater (anthropogenic pollution). In Colombia these events have generated a number of consequences ranging from the death of fish and birds to human poisonings. In order to determine the composition and abundance of dinoflagellates associated with seagrass and macroalgae on Barú Island, samples of seagrass and macroalgae in three places on the island were collected during April and September of 2015. In total ten genera of diatoms and three genera of dinoflagellates were found as epyphytes of three types of seagrass, Thalassia testudinum, Syringodium filiforme and Halodule wrightii and one type of macroalgae, Halimeda opuntia.. Prorocentrum lima was the epiphytic dinoflagellate with more presence, followed by P. hoffmannianum, Ostreopsis sp. and Gambierdiscus sp. There were not statistically significant differences in the abundance of dinoflagellates between sampling sites or months. Although, the cell density of dinoflagellates (1032 ± 1158,2 Cells/g dry weight) is not the highest one in comparison with other studies, probably caused by Thalassia testudinum or by the strong El Niño observed in 2015, the genera found in Barú Island and San Andrés Island (Gambierdiscus, Prorocentrum and Ostreopsis) are very important because they are associated with toxin production and toxic events such as ciguatera. We hope that these results provide basic information to assist in the implementation of future risk management plans in order to decrease the consequences generated by poisoning due to microalgae in coastal areas of the colombian Caribbean.