Influencia del sistema de producción sobre la calidad higiénica, sanitaria y de residuos de antibióticos de la leche cruda en Colombia
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Este estudio determino la influencia del sistema de producción sobre la calidad higiénica, sanitaria y la presencia de antibióticos en leche cruda y estableció antecedentes de calidad de leche a nivel nacional; se realizó en quince departamentos del país, en total 4.045 muestras analizadas en el laboratorio de Calidad de Leche de CORPOICA. El 79% de las muestras presentaron valores inferiores a 750.000 CS/mL; el 32% mostró valores inferiores a 200.000 CS/mL, se encontró una relación inversa negativa entre CS y calidad composicional; asimismo, el sistema doble propósito (DP) presento menor incidencia de mastitis. El 90% de muestras analizadas no presentaron presencia de antibióticos y no se encontró relación en la detección de antibióticos y el sistema productivo. El 61% de los hatos pertenecen al sistema (DP) y el 39 % a lechería especializada (LE); en sistemas LE la producción diaria fue de 332.908 (24.409 animales en ordeño) versus 178.959 litros de leche/día (35.038 animales en ordeño) en sistemas DP, el sistema LE fue 46 % más eficiente que el DP en producción de leche animal (2,5 mayor en LE). La influencia entre los sistemas productivos y el tipo de ordeño en la calidad no fue relacionan, se encontró una correlación positiva entre el número de animales en ordeño y el aumento en la ocurrencia de sistemas de ordeño mecánico (OM), el ordeño manual (OMA) se encontró en el 98% en sistemas DP; con respecto al sistema de (LE) el 68% corresponde a OMA y el 32% a OM.
Abstract: This study determined the production system influence on the raw milk quality (hygienic, sanitary, compositional and the presence of antibiotics) and established a history of milk quality at the national level; it was carried out in fifteen departments of the country, in total 4,045 samples were analyzed in CORPOICA´s Quality of Milk laboratory . The 79% of samples presented values lower than 750,000 CS/mL; 32% showed values below 200,000 CS/mL, a negative inverse relationship between CS and compositional quality was found; likewise, the double purpose system (DP) presented a lower incidence of mastitis. 90% of the samples analyzed did not show the presence of antibiotics and no relationship was found in the detection of antibiotics and the productive system. The 61% of herds belong to the system (DP) and 39% to specialized system (LE); In LE systems, the daily production was 332,908 (24,409 milking animals) versus 178,959 liters of milk / day (35,038 milking animals) in DP systems, the LE system was 46% more efficient than the DP in animal milk production (2,5 more than LE). The influence between the productive systems and the type of milking in the quality was not related, a positive correlation was found between the number of milking animals and the increase in the occurrence of mechanical milking systems (OM), manual milking (OMA) was found in 98% of DP systems; with respect to the (LE) system, 68% corresponds to OMA and 32% to OM.
Abstract: This study determined the production system influence on the raw milk quality (hygienic, sanitary, compositional and the presence of antibiotics) and established a history of milk quality at the national level; it was carried out in fifteen departments of the country, in total 4,045 samples were analyzed in CORPOICA´s Quality of Milk laboratory . The 79% of samples presented values lower than 750,000 CS/mL; 32% showed values below 200,000 CS/mL, a negative inverse relationship between CS and compositional quality was found; likewise, the double purpose system (DP) presented a lower incidence of mastitis. 90% of the samples analyzed did not show the presence of antibiotics and no relationship was found in the detection of antibiotics and the productive system. The 61% of herds belong to the system (DP) and 39% to specialized system (LE); In LE systems, the daily production was 332,908 (24,409 milking animals) versus 178,959 liters of milk / day (35,038 milking animals) in DP systems, the LE system was 46% more efficient than the DP in animal milk production (2,5 more than LE). The influence between the productive systems and the type of milking in the quality was not related, a positive correlation was found between the number of milking animals and the increase in the occurrence of mechanical milking systems (OM), manual milking (OMA) was found in 98% of DP systems; with respect to the (LE) system, 68% corresponds to OMA and 32% to OM.