Desarrollo de un plan de muestreo e identificación de ácaros asociados al café (Coffeea arabica L.), y efectos de los niveles poblacionales de Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) sobre la eficiencia fotosintética
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Imbachi López, Karol
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En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la identificación de las especies de ácaros asociados al cultivo de café en 176 fincas cafeteras de 53 municipios de 12 departamentos en Colombia dónde se encontraron especies de ácaros pertenecientes a las familias: Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae, Tarsonemidae, Phytoseiidae, Cunaxidae, Bdellidae, Ascidae, Amerosidae, Iolinidae, Stigmaeidae, Tydeidae, Acaridae, Oribatidae, Uropodidae y Cheyletidae, en orden de importancia. Se realizó un seguimiento a las poblaciones del ácaro Oligonychus yothersi en un cultivo de café en el municipio de El Águila en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, donde se concluyó que O. yothersi tiene un patrón de distribución agregado, que los picos más altos de las poblaciones se registraron con altas temperaturas promedias y el descenso de la población se observó con lluvias. Al evaluar el efecto de las infestaciones de 15, 30, 60 y 120 ácaros de O. yothersi bajo condiciones de casa de malla sobre la fotosíntesis, se encontró que este ácaro ocasiona una disminución de la fotosíntesis que varía conforme sea el nivel de población y el tiempo transcurrido en la alimentación del ácaro en 32,4%, 53,1%, 57,2% y 67,7%, respectivamente. Del estudio sobre los parámetros biológicos y reproductivos de O. yothersi en café, bajo condiciones controladas (24,4 ± 5°C, 56 ± 5% HR), se estableció la duración de los estados de huevo 5,4 días, larva 1,6 días, protocrisálida 0,8 días, protoninfa 1,1 días, deutocrisalida 0,7 días, deutoninfa 1,3 días y teliocrisalida 0,8 días, para una duración total de huevo a adulto de 10,3 días y la relación de sexos encontrada fue de un macho por ocho hembras. El Ro fue de 66,6 hembras/hembra/generación, rm fue de 48%, Tiempo generacional fue de 8,8 días, Tiempo de duplicación 1,4 días y ʎ fue de 1,6 hembra/día.
//Abstract: This study presents the results of the identification of mite species associated with coffee cultivation in 176 coffee farms in 53 municipalities of 12 departaments in Colombia. Families of mites belonging to Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae, Tarsonemidae, Phytoseiidae, Cunaxidae, Bdellidae, Ascidae, Amerosidae, Iolinidae, Stigmaeidae, Tydeidae, Acaridae, Oribatidae, Uropodidae and Cheyletidae were found in order of their economic importance. The monitoring of Oligonychus yothersi mite populations in a coffee plantation in the municipality of El Águila in the department of Valle del Cauca showed that O. yothersi has an aggregate distribution pattern, the highest peaks of the populations were recorded with high average temperatures and the decrease of the population was associated with rains. A study on the effect of infestations of 15, 30, 60 and 120 mites of O. yothersi under mesh house conditions on the photosynthesis of coffee plant found that this mite causes a decrease in photosynthesis that varies according to the level of population and the time elapsed in the feeding of the mite in 32.4%, 53.1%, 57.2% and 67.7%, respectively. Studies on the biological and reproductive parameters of O. yothersi in coffee, under controlled conditions (24.4 ± 5°C; 56 ± 5% RH), showed the following results: duration of egg stage 5.4 days, larva 1.6 days, proto-chrysalis 0.8 days, proto-nymph 1.1 days, deuto-chrysalis 0.7 days, deuto-nymph 1.3 days and telio-chrysalis 0.8 days; developmental time from egg to adult was 10.3 days and the sex ratio was one male to eight females. The Ro was 66.6 females/females/generaton, rm was 0.5%, generation time was 8.7 days, duplication time 1.4 days and ʎ was 1.6 female/day.
//Abstract: This study presents the results of the identification of mite species associated with coffee cultivation in 176 coffee farms in 53 municipalities of 12 departaments in Colombia. Families of mites belonging to Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae, Tarsonemidae, Phytoseiidae, Cunaxidae, Bdellidae, Ascidae, Amerosidae, Iolinidae, Stigmaeidae, Tydeidae, Acaridae, Oribatidae, Uropodidae and Cheyletidae were found in order of their economic importance. The monitoring of Oligonychus yothersi mite populations in a coffee plantation in the municipality of El Águila in the department of Valle del Cauca showed that O. yothersi has an aggregate distribution pattern, the highest peaks of the populations were recorded with high average temperatures and the decrease of the population was associated with rains. A study on the effect of infestations of 15, 30, 60 and 120 mites of O. yothersi under mesh house conditions on the photosynthesis of coffee plant found that this mite causes a decrease in photosynthesis that varies according to the level of population and the time elapsed in the feeding of the mite in 32.4%, 53.1%, 57.2% and 67.7%, respectively. Studies on the biological and reproductive parameters of O. yothersi in coffee, under controlled conditions (24.4 ± 5°C; 56 ± 5% RH), showed the following results: duration of egg stage 5.4 days, larva 1.6 days, proto-chrysalis 0.8 days, proto-nymph 1.1 days, deuto-chrysalis 0.7 days, deuto-nymph 1.3 days and telio-chrysalis 0.8 days; developmental time from egg to adult was 10.3 days and the sex ratio was one male to eight females. The Ro was 66.6 females/females/generaton, rm was 0.5%, generation time was 8.7 days, duplication time 1.4 days and ʎ was 1.6 female/day.