Modelación de dietas para la reducción de emisiones de metano (CH4) entérico en bovinos y su potencial de adopción por parte de productores ganaderos del Piedemonte llanero
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Martínez Salgado, Jesús David
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En este trabajo se realizó la tipificación de las fincas ganaderas en la región del piedemonte llanero y las estimaciones modeladas de las emisiones de metano que cada una de ellas genera. También se evaluaron cinco escenarios de reconversión sostenible para reducir las emisiones de metano y se evaluó el potencial de adopción de cada escenario, de acuerdo a las condiciones socioeconómicas de cada ganadero tipo. Se clasificaron seis tipos diferentes de ganaderos los cuales usan básicamente los mismos forrajes, pasturas degradadas en su mayoría, pero en diferentes proporciones. Se determinó que las emisiones actuales de metano por unidad de producto (leche o carne) son mayores en las fincas menos tecnificadas; sin embargo, la reconversión productiva de estas fincas es más difícil, principalmente por su tamaño. Se encontró que todos los tipos de productores pueden adoptar algunas de las tecnologías de reconversión productiva evaluadas, incrementado sus ingresos, en el mejor de los casos, por encima del 700% en un periodo de 10 años y reduciendo hasta en un 47% las emisiones de metano generadas. La implementación de cercas vivas a largo plazo fue la medida con mejor retorno económico y una de las más adoptadas, mientras que los bancos forrajeros, los concentrados comerciales y el silo de maíz no tuvieron tanta acogida, principalmente por los requerimientos de mano de obra y altos costos de implementación. El acceso a crédito y la posibilidad de vender mano de obra fueron los principales factores para incrementar la tasa de adopción de las diversas medidas.
//Abstract: In this work cattle ranchers in the Piedmont of the eastern plains of Colombia were classificated the estimations of the emission of methane that each of them generates. Also there were evaluated five scenarios of sustainable restructuring to reduce the emission of methane and was evaluated the potential of adoption of every scenario, of agreement to the socioeconomic conditions of every cattle ranchers type. There are six different types of cattle ranchers which use the same forages, degraded pastures in the main, but in different proportions. One determined that the current emission of methane for unit of product (milk or meat) is major in the lower technificated cattle ranchers nevertheless the productive restructuring of these estates is more difficult, principally for its size. All types of producers can adopt some of the technologies of productive restructuring evaluated, increased its incomes, at best, over 700 % in a period of 10 years and reducing even in 47 % the emission of methane generated. The implementation of alive long-term fences was the technology with better economic return and one of the most adopted, whereas the forage banks, the commercial concentrates and the silo of maize did not have the expected reception, principally because of the requirements of workforce and high costs of implementation. The access on credit and the possibility of selling workforce were the main factors to increase the rate of adoption of the diverse technologies.
//Abstract: In this work cattle ranchers in the Piedmont of the eastern plains of Colombia were classificated the estimations of the emission of methane that each of them generates. Also there were evaluated five scenarios of sustainable restructuring to reduce the emission of methane and was evaluated the potential of adoption of every scenario, of agreement to the socioeconomic conditions of every cattle ranchers type. There are six different types of cattle ranchers which use the same forages, degraded pastures in the main, but in different proportions. One determined that the current emission of methane for unit of product (milk or meat) is major in the lower technificated cattle ranchers nevertheless the productive restructuring of these estates is more difficult, principally for its size. All types of producers can adopt some of the technologies of productive restructuring evaluated, increased its incomes, at best, over 700 % in a period of 10 years and reducing even in 47 % the emission of methane generated. The implementation of alive long-term fences was the technology with better economic return and one of the most adopted, whereas the forage banks, the commercial concentrates and the silo of maize did not have the expected reception, principally because of the requirements of workforce and high costs of implementation. The access on credit and the possibility of selling workforce were the main factors to increase the rate of adoption of the diverse technologies.