Determinación de los focos de Contaminación Microbiológica en el Lactario de un Hospital Distrital de la ciudad de Bogotá (Hospital San Blas)
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Morales Martínez, Ana María
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En Colombia las bebidas lácteas consumidas por los infantes lactantes, neonatos y recién nacidos son preparadas en las entidades prestadoras de servicios de salud en el área conocida como “Lactario”. Los lactarios deben cumplir con las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias, los protocolos de producción y las prácticas de higiene personal necesarias, para asegurar la inocuidad y calidad de los productos terminados y así asegurar la salud de los consumidores. Debido a la falta de recursos económicos en las entidades distritales como el Hospital San Blas (de nivel II) en el lactario se encuentran deficiencias que afectan la inocuidad y asepsia del mismo, como la infraestructura, la alta rotación del personal que labora preparando las bebidas, la falta de compromiso, el incumplimiento en las buenas prácticas de manufactura y el desarrollo de los procesos de limpieza y desinfección que hacen parte de estas. Todo esto favorece la contaminación cruzada y afecta la calidad de los productos terminados (Bebidas lácteas). De esta forma se compromete la salud de los consumidores que en este caso son una población vulnerable por el entorno en el que han nacido, por las condiciones socio-económicas y culturales, por su Nivel educativo y su deficiencia nutricional. Con el desarrollo de este trabajo se aplicaron tres diagnósticos higiénico sanitarios que incluyeron: análisis microbiológico de ambientes, superficies, implementos, empaques, materias primas y aguas; los diagnósticos permitieron identificar los puntos críticos de contaminación dentro del área del lactario ubicado en las instalaciones del Hospital San Blas de II Nivel. Así mismo fue posible identificar microorganismos que pueden afectar la salud de los consumidores produciendo infecciones gastrointestinales e inclusive pueden producir la muerte. Una vez se identificaron estos focos de contaminación se elaboraron los protocolos de limpieza y desinfección básicos, y se propusieron acciones correctivas y preventivas para poder asegurar la calidad de las bebidas lácteas terminadas. Todos estos protocolos quedaron consignados en la guía de Saneamiento Básico que se anexa a este trabajo. El desarrollo de este trabajo permitió generar los protocolos en mención, estos sirvieron como guía para que el Hospital elaborara sus propios procedimientos que fueron avalados dentro del proceso de acreditación Institucional del Sistema Integral de Calidad.
Abstract. In Colombia dairy drinks consumed by nursing infants, neonates and infants are prepared in the entities providing health services in the area known as "Lactary". The milk feeders must meet the sanitary conditions, production protocols and practices of personal hygiene necessary to ensure the safety and quality of finished products and thus ensure the health of consumers. Due to the lack of economic resources in the district entities as the San Blas Hospital (Level II) are lactario deficiencies affecting safety and cleanliness of the same, such as infrastructure, the high turnover of staff working preparing drinks , lack of commitment, failure in good manufacturing practices and the development of the cleaning and disinfection processes that are part of these. All this promotes cross-contamination and affect the quality of finished products (milk drinks). Thus the health of consumers in this case are a vulnerable population to the environment in which they were born, for the socio-economic and cultural conditions, by their education level and nutritional deficiency is compromised. With the development of this work, three toilet health diagnoses that were applied included: Microbiological analysis of atmospheres, surfaces, tools, packaging, raw materials and water; diagnoses allowed to identify the critical points of contamination within the area lactario facilities located in San Blas Level II Hospital. It also was possible to identify microorganisms that can affect the health of consumers producing gastrointestinal infections and can even cause death. Once these sources of contamination were identified cleaning protocols were developed and basic disinfection, and corrective and preventive to ensure the quality of the finished milk drinks actions were proposed. All these protocols were entered in the directory Sanitation annexed to this work. The development of this work allowed generate protocols in question, these served as a guide for the Hospital develop its own procedures that were guaranteed in the process of institutional accreditation of Integral Quality System.
Abstract. In Colombia dairy drinks consumed by nursing infants, neonates and infants are prepared in the entities providing health services in the area known as "Lactary". The milk feeders must meet the sanitary conditions, production protocols and practices of personal hygiene necessary to ensure the safety and quality of finished products and thus ensure the health of consumers. Due to the lack of economic resources in the district entities as the San Blas Hospital (Level II) are lactario deficiencies affecting safety and cleanliness of the same, such as infrastructure, the high turnover of staff working preparing drinks , lack of commitment, failure in good manufacturing practices and the development of the cleaning and disinfection processes that are part of these. All this promotes cross-contamination and affect the quality of finished products (milk drinks). Thus the health of consumers in this case are a vulnerable population to the environment in which they were born, for the socio-economic and cultural conditions, by their education level and nutritional deficiency is compromised. With the development of this work, three toilet health diagnoses that were applied included: Microbiological analysis of atmospheres, surfaces, tools, packaging, raw materials and water; diagnoses allowed to identify the critical points of contamination within the area lactario facilities located in San Blas Level II Hospital. It also was possible to identify microorganisms that can affect the health of consumers producing gastrointestinal infections and can even cause death. Once these sources of contamination were identified cleaning protocols were developed and basic disinfection, and corrective and preventive to ensure the quality of the finished milk drinks actions were proposed. All these protocols were entered in the directory Sanitation annexed to this work. The development of this work allowed generate protocols in question, these served as a guide for the Hospital develop its own procedures that were guaranteed in the process of institutional accreditation of Integral Quality System.