Microorganismos endófitos como alternativa para el control de hongos patógenos asociados al cultivo de aguacate en Colombia
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Orjuela Corchuelo, Diana Milena
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Trabajo de grado - Maestría
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EspañolFecha de publicación
2018
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El aguacate (Persea americana Mill) es uno de los frutos tropicales más consumidos a nivel mundial, gracias a las propiedades que posee se ha venido presentando un aumento en la comercialización de productos derivados de este fruto, no obstante, el cultivo del aguacate a nivel mundial es susceptible a diversas amenazas fitopatógenas, de las cuales se resaltan 17 hongos causantes de diversas enfermedades, dos de ellos perjudican el territorio colombiano de manera significativa Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y Phythopthora cinnamomi, los cuales provocan la antracnosis y la pudrición de raíces en la planta de aguacate respectivamente, los métodos hasta ahora usados no son totalmente eficaces para el control de este tipo de patógenos y perjudican el medio ambiente. Por esto es importante identificar métodos alternativos de control que no afecten ni la planta ni el medio ambiente, los productos derivados de diversas especies naturales se han convertido en una gran opción en el control de problemas relacionados con fitopatógenos, una de las fuentes de los compuestos naturales son los microorganismos endófitos los cuales residen en todas las especies botánicas y presentan una relación simbiótica con las mismas, donde la especie endófita provee protección con la producción de metabolitos secundarios a cambio de un nicho de alimentación y crecimiento óptimo. La presente revisión pretende servir como insumo teórico de soporte de futuras investigaciones encaminadas a la búsqueda de bíocontroladores a partir de organismos endófitos, discutiendo y analizando sus mecanismos de acción y los procesos metodológicos que se usan en la determinación de la actividad.
Abstract: The avocado (Persea americana Mill) is one of the most consumed tropical fruits worldwide, due to the attributes that have been already presented, it has been increased in its comertialization. Nevertheless, the cultivation of avocado worldwide is susceptible to various phytopathogenic threats, of which 17 fungi causing various diseases are highlighted two of them harm the Colombian territory in a significant way Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Phythopthora cinnamomi, those cause anthracnose and root rot in the avocado plant respectively. The methods so far are not fully effective for the control of this type of pathogens and harm the environment. Therefore is important identify methods of control that do not affect either the plant or the environment, the natural products from various natural species have become in a great option in the problems control related to phytopathogenic fungi, one of the source of the natural compounds are the endophytic microorganisms which reside in all botanic species and have a symbiotic relationship with themselves, where the endophytic species provides protection with the production of secondary metabolites in exchange for a niche of feeding and optimal growth The present review aims to serve theoretical input to support the latest research aimed at the search of biocontrollers from endophytic microorganisms, analyzing and arguing the methodology, the action mechanisms and the methodological processes that are used in the activity determination.
Abstract: The avocado (Persea americana Mill) is one of the most consumed tropical fruits worldwide, due to the attributes that have been already presented, it has been increased in its comertialization. Nevertheless, the cultivation of avocado worldwide is susceptible to various phytopathogenic threats, of which 17 fungi causing various diseases are highlighted two of them harm the Colombian territory in a significant way Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Phythopthora cinnamomi, those cause anthracnose and root rot in the avocado plant respectively. The methods so far are not fully effective for the control of this type of pathogens and harm the environment. Therefore is important identify methods of control that do not affect either the plant or the environment, the natural products from various natural species have become in a great option in the problems control related to phytopathogenic fungi, one of the source of the natural compounds are the endophytic microorganisms which reside in all botanic species and have a symbiotic relationship with themselves, where the endophytic species provides protection with the production of secondary metabolites in exchange for a niche of feeding and optimal growth The present review aims to serve theoretical input to support the latest research aimed at the search of biocontrollers from endophytic microorganisms, analyzing and arguing the methodology, the action mechanisms and the methodological processes that are used in the activity determination.